Test 1

Question 1

Going outside of the physical barriers of the institution for support (ex: 310)

Answer 1

Boundary Spanning

Question 2

Factors that enhance followership

Answer 2

The leader is frequently absent or distant from followers, followers work tasks are highly complex or interdependent, followers’ group faces frequent emergencies, high risk situations, or rapid change.

Question 3

Factors that substitute for Effective Followership:

Answer 3

the leader is very active in external boundary spanning, a leader is unusually adept at critical thinking, creativity and inventiveness

Question 4

Factors that decrease the Effectiveness of Followership:

Answer 4

A domineering, autocratic, and self-centered leader, a leader that does not value followers who show initiative and who think for themselves

Question 5

Supportive Leadership Behavior

Answer 5

Concern for the well-being of followers, being friendly and informative, 2-way communication, and follower development

Question 6

Directive Leadership Behavior

Answer 6

Assign followers to specific tasks, explain methods and expectations, specify rules and regulations, and provides structure

Question 7

Participative Leadership Behavior

Answer 7

One-on-One meetings, gathers input from all, group decision making, empowerment

Question 8

Most powerful combo to new people:

Answer 8

Directive and Supportive

Question 9

Factors that enhance the effectiveness of supportive leadership

Answer 9

followers with low self-confidence, low self-esteem, insecurity, expectation that leader will be supportive, and high growth needs; tasks that are dissatisfying, stressful, highly structured, requires creativity, and requires learning; organizations/groups with external conflict, newly formed group, cohesive group with shared beliefs in leader, formal plans, goals and procedures, mission emphasizing human services, and authoritarian superior

Question 10

Situational Factors that neutralize supportive leadership

Answer 10

Dogmatic followers, high level job, broad task scope, and large size of group

Question 11

Situational factors that substitute for supportiveness

Answer 11

The things themselves create the support; task is interesting, gratifying, meaningful; feedback from task is rapid, specific, accurate; has pay raises and promotions

Question 12

Situational Factors that neutralize the effectiveness of directive leadership

Answer 12

cohesive group of followers with a low performance norm, highly structured task (mostly depends on follower), high follower experience, ability, or need for independence

Question 13

Situational factors that enhance the effectiveness of directive leadership

Answer 13

Followers have a high need for achievement and a desire for role clarity; tasks are highly structured, stressful, interdependence, direct communication between customers and followers; organization/group - large group size, bureaucratic org, positive group with production norm, leader with high expertise, leader who is supportive

Question 14

Situational factors that substitute for directive leadership

Answer 14

Feedback from task, organization formalization, autonomous work groups or team operations, large number of years with leader, predictable flow of work or routine and repetitive work

Question 15

Situational Factors that increase the effectiveness of Participate leadership

Answer 15

Followers have job competence, need for independence and growth, internal locus of control, and expect participation; tasks are important, require followers’ commitment, and uncertainty; group harmony, trust in leader, good leadership skills in conflict management

Question 16

Factors that neutralize effectiveness of participation

Answer 16

large group size, highly structured or complex tasks, passive follower, authoritarian followers, or followers wiling to accept autocratic leadership

Question 17

Factors that substitute for participative leadership

Answer 17

Highly complex tasks performed by highly trained workers, organizational formalization - already have committees, highly structured tasks performed by authoritarian followers

Question 18

Impression Management Influence Tactics

Answer 18

Tactics you would use to make someone like you - inspirational appeal, ingratiation, personal appeal

Question 19

Political Influence Tactics

Answer 19

Tactics you would use to get a decision made to gain benefit - Apprising, Exchange, Legitimating, Pressure

Question 20

Proactive Influence Tactics

Answer 20

Being proactive and staying ahead of things - rational persuasion, inspirational appeal, consultation, collaboration and coalition

Question 21

Anything that affects behavior in pursuing a certain outcome

Answer 21

Motivation

Question 22

Motivation Process

Answer 22

People go from need to motive to behavior to consequence to satisfaction or dissatisfaction

Question 23

Hierarchy of Needs Theory

Answer 23

Only unmet needs motivate, people’s needs are arranged in order of importance, lower-level needs must be met before higher needs can be, assumed 5 classifications: Physiological Needs, Safety Needs, Belongings, Esteem Needs, and Self-Actualization Needs

Question 24

Two-Factor Theory

Answer 24

Lower-Level needs called hygiene or maintenance and higher-level needs called motivators; proposes that people are motivated by motivators rather than maintenance factors

Question 25

Goal Setting Theory

Answer 25

Specific, difficult goals motivate people, goals give us a specific purpose - goals must be: single result-oriented, specific, measurable, time, difficult or challenging

Question 26

Reinforcement Theory

Answer 26

Proposes that behavior can be explained, predicted and controlled through the consequences of behavior - leaders and followers should reinforce desirable behaviors and discourage undesirable behaviors

Question 27

Positive Reinforcement

Answer 27

Rewarded for good behavior

Question 28

Avoidance Reinforcement

Answer 28

By doing desired behavior, you are not punished

Question 29

Extinction

Answer 29

Don’t reward when behavior is undesirable

Question 30

Punishment

Answer 30

Used punishment for undesirable behavior, least effective reinforcement

Question 31

Theory X and Theory Y

Answer 31

Theory X Assumptions: Followers are lazy and dislike work and will avoid it
Theory & Assumptions: Work is as natural as play and rest and followers are satisfied with their jobs

Question 32

Public Sector Motivation

Answer 32

Public Sector employees are motivated by the nature of public service

Question 33

Acquired Needs Theory

Answer 33

Proposes that people are motivated by their need for achievement, power and affiliation

Question 34

Process Motivation Theories

Answer 34

Focus on understanding how people choose behavior to fulfill their needs

Question 35

Equity Theory

Answer 35

Proposes that people are motivated when their perceived inputs equal outputs

Question 36

Expectancy Theory

Answer 36

Proposes that people are motivated when they believe they can accomplish the task, they will get the reward, and the rewards for doing so are worth the effort