Test 1

Question 1

Atom

Answer 1

basic unit of matter

Question 2

Nucleus

Answer 2

Strong forces bind protons and neutrons together to form the nucleus, at the center of the atom

Question 3

Electron

Answer 3

a negatively charged particle; Because atoms have equal numbers of electrons and protons, their positive and negative charges balance out, and atoms themselves are electrically neutral, located in orbital cloud

Question 4

Proton/ Neutron

Answer 4

However, protons are positively charged particles (+) and neutrons carry no charge at all

Question 5

Isotopes

Answer 5

Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain are known as isotopes.

Question 6

Compound

Answer 6

a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions

Question 7

Ionic bond

Answer 7

An ionic bond is formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another

Question 8

Covalent bond

Answer 8

When the atoms share two electrons, the bond is called a single covalent bond

Question 9

Molecule

Answer 9

is the smallest unit of most compounds

Question 10

Hydrogen bond

Answer 10

The attraction between a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge and another atom with a partial negative charge

Question 11

Cohesion

Answer 11

an attraction between molecules of the same substance. (Ex water being attracted to water

Question 12

Adhesion

Answer 12

an attraction between molecules of different substances” (ex from class is water going up tube because of water’s attraction to charge of tube)

Question 13

Mixture

Answer 13

a material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined. Salt and pepper stirred together constitute a mixture. So do sugar and sand

Question 14

Solution

Answer 14

type of mixture in which all the components are evenly distributed

Question 15

Solute

Answer 15

substance that is dissolved in a solution

Question 16

Solvent

Answer 16

dissolving substance in a solution

Question 17

pH (potential hydrogen) scale:

Answer 17

scales with value from 0 to 14, used to measure the concentration of H+ ions in a solution; a pH of 0 to 7 is acidic, a pH of 7 is neutral, a pH of 7 to 14 is basic

Question 18

Acids

Answer 18

compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; a solution with a pH of less than 7

Question 19

Base

Answer 19

compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution; solution with a pH of more than 7

Question 20

Buffer

Answer 20

compound that prevents a sharp, sudden changes in pH; weak side or bases that can react with strong acids or bases

Question 21

Polarity

Answer 21

one side has one charge, other side has a different charge

Question 22

Characteristics of Living things

Answer 22

• Uses energy
• reproduces/grows
• made of cells/organized
• evolves
• maintains a stable environment (homeostasis)
• responds to stimuli
• genetic info (DNA)

Question 23

Mr. LaBonte’s definition of living thing

Answer 23

Keeping good stuff in and bad stuff out

Question 24

Why does water go up the tube

Answer 24

The water molecule has an opposite charge of that of the tube so the water is attracted to the tube and rises up because of its attraction (example of adhesion)

Question 25

Acid: H+ donor or acceptor? Base: H+ donor or acceptor?

Answer 25

``` Acid= H+ donor (pH goes down) Bases= H+ acceptor (pH goes up) ```

Question 26

Why is soap like a priest? | Question from iQ

Answer 26

It's has ability to marry (or connect) nonpolar and polar substances.

Question 27

How many covalent bonds will the following atoms (elements) make: hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon

Answer 27

H - 1 O - 2 N - 3 C - 4

Question 28

What is the difference between a subatomic particle and an element?

Answer 28

Subatomic particle: a particle smaller than an atoms or a cluster of such particles Element: a part or aspect of something abstract, especially one that is essential or characteristic

Question 29

Every time the exponent changes from 10 to the -7 to 10 to the -6 (in other words value gets higher), it

Answer 29

Increase ten times

Question 30

If your solution has 1x10-5 Oh- ions, what is its Ph?

Answer 30

Oh- + H+ = 1x10-14 so ph = 9

Question 31

What are the 3 magnifications of the objective lens?

Answer 31

4,10,40

Question 32

Ocular has magnification of

Answer 32

10

Question 33

Why does sugar dissolve in water?

Answer 33

Sugar is polar

Question 34

The attraction between a positively charged hydrogen and negatively charged oxygen is called….?

Answer 34

Hydrogen bond

Question 35

Properties of Water

Answer 35

Sticky (H. Bond) Wicky Takes a ton of energy for water to change; NOT SO HOT Floats when frozen (ice will float on water) Dissolves a lot