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Rst 322 Test 1 > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Correct physiological symbol for Pressure, Volume, Flow, Blood flow, and Per time

A

???

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2
Q

Explain how the chest wall increases in 3 dimensions

A

Anterior-Posterior, transverse, and vertical dimensions all increase simultaneously

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3
Q

What muscles contract during inspiration

A

Ventilatory muscles

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4
Q

Name the major muscle of inspiration

A

Diaphragm and External intercostals

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5
Q

Used during forceful expiration

A

Internal intercostals

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6
Q

Divisions of the pharynx

A

Behind nasal oral cavity: extends down the larynx

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7
Q

Nasopharynx

A

Bahind nasal cavity down to the soft palate

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8
Q

Oropharynx

A

Behind oral cavity from soft palate to the base of the tongue

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9
Q

Laryngopharynx

A

Below base of tongue and above larynx

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10
Q

What is the conducting airways

A

???Trachea to just before the alveolar level

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11
Q

Describe the respiratory mucosa epithelium

A

Pseudostratified, ciliated columnar epithelium interspersed with goblet cells.

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12
Q

Functions of the upper airway

A

Warms, humidifies, and filters. Consist of nose, oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx

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13
Q

Function of the diaphragm

A

Major muscle of ventilation, divides thoracic and abdominal cavities.

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14
Q

What does the phrenic nerve do?

A

Supplies motor innervation to hemidiaphragms. Originates from right and left cervical nerve plexuses as branches of cervial spinal nerves C3 to C5

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15
Q

What are the structures of the nose that increase surface area?

A

Concha also known as turbinates

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16
Q

Name major Unpaired cartilages of larynx

A

Epiglottic cartilage
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage

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17
Q

Name the major Paired cartilages of larynx

A

Arytenoid
Coniculate
Cuneiform

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18
Q

What is Transpulmonary pressure (PL)

A

Difference between alveolar (PA) and intrapleural pressure (PPL). Distending pressure across alveolar walls. Equal to elastic recoil force of lungs when there is no airflow.

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19
Q

What is Transthoracic pressure(PW)

A

Difference between Intrapulmonary pressure (PPL) and body surface pressure(PBS). Pressure difference across thoracic wall. Equal to outward recoil force of thorax when there is no airflow

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20
Q

What is Transrespiratory Pressure

A

Sum of transpulmonary(PL) and transthoracic pressure (PW). Inward and outward recoil forces of the lungs and thorax are in equillibrium with each other. Is 0mm Hg under resting conditions

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21
Q

Normal value for lung compliance

A

0.2L/ cm H2O

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22
Q

Normal value for chest wall compliance

A

0.2 L/ cm H2O

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23
Q

Normal value for total compliance

A

0.1 L/ cm H2O

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24
Q

What is pulmonary surfactant and where is it made.

A

Special surface-tension altering substance that lines the alveoli. It is secreted by alveolar type 2 cells

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25
Q

Name 2 characteristics of surfactant composition

A
  1. Complex substance composed of 90% phospholipid and 10% protein
  2. Diplamitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) compromises 50% of surfactants phospholipid content and is primarily responsible for surfactants surface tension lowering properties
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26
Q

What is airway resistance

A

Produced by frictional resistance to gas flow

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27
Q

What are the correct units for airway resistance?

A

cm H2O/L/sec

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28
Q

How does airway resistance change in inspiration and expiration and why?

A

When flow decreases, airway resistance increases; when flow increases, airway resistance decreases . This is because flow is directly related to airway radius.

29
Q

What is the typical substances that will cause airway constriction

A

????

30
Q

Normal value of airway resistance in normal adults

A

0.5-1.5 cm H2O/L/sec. This is measured at the FRC level at constant flow rate of 0.5L/sec

31
Q

Identify a fixed upper airway obstruction

A

Produces curve that appears box shaped. Both inspiratory and expiratory flows are decreased and limited by the solid obstruction

32
Q

Identify a variable intrathoracity upper airway obstruction

A

Limits inspiratory flow and the Fef50%/FIF50% ratio is greater than 1.0. Produces a flow loop with a high expiratory and a low inspiratory.

33
Q

Identify a variable extrathoracic upper airway obstruction

A

Limits expiratory flow, and the FEF50%/ FIF50% ratio is less than 1.0. Produces a flow loop with a large inspiratory and a low expiratory.

34
Q

What happens to a chest wall/ lung pleura and barometric pressure when a hole is present in the chest wall

A

The subatmospheric pressure within the cavity draws air in from atomosphere because of pressure gradient leads to pneumothorax

35
Q

Name the functions of surfactant in the lungs

A
  1. Decreases surface tension in alveoli

2. Prevents alveolar collapse

36
Q

Surfactant vs. Water

A

Surfactant has a lower surface tension than water

37
Q

What chanves can be expected to be seen with obstructive lung diseases-emphysema

A
  • Decreased FVC
  • Normal FEV1
  • Normal or increased FEV1/FVC ratio
38
Q

What changes can be seen with restrictive lung diseases

A
  • Decreased FVC
  • Decreased FEV1
  • Normal or increased FEV1/FVC ratio
39
Q

What is minute ventilation

A

Volume of air either entering or leaving the lung each minute; air inhaled must be equal to air exhaled each minute. Calcute by RR*VT

40
Q

How is anitomical deadspace measured

A

Fowler technique, patient first exhales maxiamally to residual volume (RV) then takes maximal inhalation of 100% O2 to total lung capacity, then exhales to RV again.

41
Q

What is anitomical dead space?

A

Conducting airways from mouth to nose down to and including terminal bronchioles; no gas exchange occurs here

42
Q

What is alveolar dead space

A

Volume contained in nonperfused alveoli (with no blood flow)

43
Q

Physilogical dead space

A

Sum of anitomical dead space and alveolar dead space

44
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Alveolar ventilation momentarily removes more CO2 per minute than is metabolically produced, alvolar and blood PCO2 decreases

45
Q

Hypoventilation

A

Alveolar ventilation momentarily removes less CO2 than the body produces, alveolar and blood PCO2 increases

46
Q

Hyperpnea

A

Above normal depth of breathing

47
Q

Hypopnea

A

Below normal depth of breathing

48
Q

Tachypnea

A

Above normal rate of breathing

49
Q

Bradypnea

A

Below normal rate of breathing

50
Q

What is the normal value of an average alveolus of lungs

A

Alveolar PCO2–40mm HG

Alveolar PO2–100 mm HG

51
Q

Patient sitting in normal upright position–end expiratory respiratory level. What is the difference in alveoli during/ after inhalation? Where will most of the air go?

A

????

52
Q

How does a patient breathe with restrictive lung disease?

A

Rapid and shallow

53
Q

How does a patient with an obstructive lung disease breathe?

A

Slow and deep

54
Q

How to calculate physiologic dead space

A

Physiologic DeadSpace (VD)=Alveolar deadspace(VDA) + Sum of anatomical dead space (VDanat)

55
Q

How to calculate dead space tidal volume

A

(VD/VT) Ratio= PaCO2????

56
Q

Ideal body weight

A 
Female= 105+(5* #in above 5ft)
Male= 106+(6* #in above 5ft)
57
Q

What lung volume is measured in the body box?

A

Residual volume

58
Q

What is the rule of thumb for estimating anatomical deadspace?

A

1ml for every pound of ideal body weight

59
Q

What is pressure (mm Hg) of water vapor at normal body temp?

A

47mm Hg

60
Q

What is the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli?

A

149 mm Hg

61
Q

What is the partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere

A

159 mm Hg

62
Q

What are the Pores of Kohn and Canals of Lambert

A

Collateral air passages that make it possibel for the acinus supplied by mucus plugged bronchiole to receive ventilation from neighboring airways and alveoli.

63
Q

What are the functions of Pores of Kohn and Canals of Lambert

A

Canals of Lambert– Connects terminal bronchioles and nearby alveoli
Pores of Kohn–Connect adjacent alveoli together

64
Q

What is the narrowest part of airway in ADULT

A

Glottis

65
Q

What is the narrowest part of airway in an Infant

A

Cricoid carilage

66
Q

What is ventilation

A

Process of moving gas in and out of the lungs

67
Q

What is respiration

A

Process of moving oxygen and carbon dioxide between air in lungs and the blood

68
Q

What is Laplaces Law

A 
If collapsing force of surface tension is opposed by an equal counterpressure, alveolus remains distended.
Distending pressure(P)= 2* surface tension(t)/ Alveolar radius (R)
69
Q

Poiseuilles Law

A

????

Rst 322 Test 1 (1 decks)

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