Test 1 Flashcards
What are the 6 myths of aging?
- Being old means being sick
- -> fewer than 5% of people over the age of 65 are frail enough to require care in a skilled nursing facility
- -> many older people have chronic diseases but function quite well - Most older people are set in their ways and cannot learn new things or take up new activities
- -> older people can learn new things and should be challenged to stay mentally active
- -> older people find hobbies they can enjoy to give life meaning and pleasure - Health Promotion is a wasted on older people
- -> it is never too late to begin good lifestyle habits
- ->it is never to late to stop smoking cigarettes or drinking too much alcohol - Older adults do not pull their own weight and are a drain on societal resources
- -> older people contribute greatly to society by supporting arts, doing volunteer work
- -> paid employment isn’t the only measure of value and productivity, old people can volunteer, work, and mentor long into their aging - Older people are isolated and lonely
- -> many older people join clubs and do volunteer work
- -> older adults have a variety of ways to stay connected with people - Older people have no interest in sex
- -> sex does decrease in some older people, but the need for physical affection and contact continues throughout life
What are the leading causes of disability? A Bride Had Made Love Doing Drastic Sounds Before Sunset
- arthritis or rheumatism
- back or spinal problems
- heart trouble
- mental or emotional problem
- lung or respiratory problem
- diabetes
- deafness or hearing problem
- stiffness or deformity of limbs/extremities
- Blindness or vision problems
- Stroke
What is primary health prevention?
Prevention of PROBLEMS; the person is still healthy
What is secondary health prevention?
Person is SICK; 1st clue something is wrong but we can still Tx them and get them better
What is tertiary preventions?
Taking care of people who already have health problem
For your information just for fun..
What is quarternary health prevention?
Giving comfort and no unnecessary painful tx.
i.e. hospice care
What is Autonomy?
The ability to choose for oneself
–> being independent
We want the patient to be able to choose how they can help themselves
We don’t just want to tell the patient what to do
Make health promotion activities something they would like to do
Offer suggestions and allow their feedback
Why don’t we want patients in a wheelchair?
It decreases ADL’s and can cause mm. atrophy
–> client will be less likely to stay active
List and describe the Psychological Aging Theories.
- Jung’s Theory of Individualism
- -> being yourself and discovering “true self”
- -> the seeds grow that you cultivate
- -> idea of I am who I am, take it or leave it
- -> to age successfully person must accept past accomplishments and failures
- Erikson’s Developmental Theory
- -> eight stages of life with developmental tasks to be accomplished at each stage
- -> older adults undergo integrity v despair
- -> person will accept death
- -> we get stuck in a stage or move forward
List and describe the Biological Programmed Aging Theories.
- Programmed Longevity
–> aging is the sequential turning on and off certain genes
- Endocrine Theory
- -> hormones fall over age
- -> supplemental hormones are used to slow the aging process
- Immunological Theory
- -> immune system weakens with age
- -> use preventative measures like flu shot and limiting pathogen exposure supports immune function in an older person
List and describe Biological Error Theories.
- Wear and Tear
- -> cells and organs wear out after years of use
- -> master clock control all organs and cellular function slows with time and becomes less efficient
- Cross-link Theory
- ->cross link binding of glucose (simple sugars) to proteins causes various problems
- -> example would be cataracts, wrinkly or aging skin
- Free radical Theory
- -> O2 radicals cause cell and organ damage
- -> Vitamins and antioxidants help!!!
- Somatic DNA damage Theory
–> genetic mutations accumulate leading to cell deterioration and death
- Emerging Biological Theories
–> genes are responsible for aging and can be activated by enzymes, environment, toxins, stress, lifestyle choices
List and Describe Sociological Aging Theories.
- Disengagement theory
- -> old people should withdraw
- -> when death occurs society is not disadvantage and social equilibrium is maintained
- Activity theory
–> older people should stay active and do activities they enjoy to make aging a good time!
- Continuity theory
–> older people should carry on in the things they have always been doing (faith systems, work, relationships)
What is senescence?
Fancy word for aging.
What are plastic changes?
Modifiable changes, something we can fix
What is homeostenosis?
Slowing down
Narrow function
Skilled nursing facilities
24 hr care
Skilled care given by nurses and others to residents
care can be subacute or chronic
Retirement communities
Independent living in apartments
Assisted living apartments
Nursing home care
Residents can more from one level of care to another as situation demands
Some have clubhouse with activities
Resident pays an admission fee for rent and services
Some places have 24 hr concierge and supervision services
Adult day care
Option for older adult with multiple comorbidities or require daytime supervision and activities
In cases where adult child has to go to work and needs to have someone watch parent
Paid privately and not covered by insurance
Residential Care facilities
Large private homes that have been converted to provide rooms for residents who can provide most of their own personal care, but may need help with laundry, meals, and housekeeping
Supervision and monitoring are provided
Transitional care units
Subacute care, rehab, and palliative care to patients who no longer require acute care
most patients are recuperating from major illness or surgery, have complex health monitoring needs, or require palliative care with pain and symptom control
Rehabilitation hospitals or facilities
Patients that require services and intensive treatments from specialists such as PT’s, OTs, dietitians, physiatrists
–> patients with head injuries, ventilators, rehab after injury or surgery
Community nursing care
Visiting nurse services for patients that require skilled care in the home
What is the Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living?
It is a tool used to measure a residence independence (no supervision, direction, or personal assistance) in these activities:
- Bathing
- Dressing
- Toileting
- Transferring
- Continence
- Feeding
We score each ADL with a 1 or 0
Higher the score = more independent
1 = independent (no supervision, help, or assistance)
0 = dependent (with supervision, direction, personal assistance, or total care)
