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Outdoor Recreation and Education > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define “Must”

A

term connoting a requirement or essential practice - indicates a strong expectation due to a legal requirement, widespread practice and/or for serious consequences or major injuries

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2
Q

Define “Should”

A

term connoting a recommendation or suggestion - indicates a preferred practice

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3
Q

Define “Briefing”

A

session that is generally short and focused and provides students with information regarding a particular part of the trip

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4
Q

__________ is a type of briefing that occurs at a time when the object of the instruction (i.e. the hazard in question) is present

A

Teachable Moment

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5
Q

when are teachable moments most affective?

A

whens students must follow-up on the instruction by taking particular steps taught to manage the risk present

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6
Q

is there a specific teaching approach that should be used for briefings?

A

no, briefings can be highly teacher directed or a guided discovery approach may be used

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7
Q

what are 7 ways teachers can develop relevant competencies?

A

1) academic courses 2) non-academic courses 3) certification programs 4) local clubs 5) videos
6) books and manuals 7) websites

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8
Q

9 requirements for teachers teaching off site

A
  1. adequate health and fitness
  2. sufficient maturity
  3. sufficient knowledge and skills
  4. personal appearance and behaviour appropriate
  5. effective leadership skills and attitudes
  6. sufficient judgement, experience and confidence
  7. ability to help students manage psychological and physiological stress
  8. ability to provide routine healthcare and handle emergencies
  9. confidence and competence
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9
Q

4 things to do about the facility prior to the day of

A

1) conduct pre-activity check of facilities or activity area
2) hazards identified and noted to students
3) check weather prior to departing
4) students should be encouraged to report hazards to staff

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10
Q

how often does equipment have to be checked

A

all equipment must be inspected and checked regularly

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11
Q

who should have a basic understanding of the equipment? what does a basic understanding entail?

A

students and teachers should have a basic understanding of the equipment (operation, use, care, cleaning, basic repair)

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12
Q

how do you ensure safety of equipment that students bring from home?

A

ask parents to try it and repair if necessary

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13
Q

what does SLIP, SLAP, SLOP, WRAP mean

A

SLIP (on clothing to cover exposed sun), SLAP (on a wide-brimmed hat), SLOP (on sunscreen SPF 15+) and WRAP (on sunglasses)

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14
Q

Foam Core Helmets

A

designed to crush upon impact to transfer and distribute the energy forces away from the skull

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15
Q

how many times can foam core helmets be used after the initial hit

A

one time use (single-use)

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16
Q

is the selection and provision of helmets the schools responsibility or the parents?

A

except where a service provider is providing helmets as a part of its contractual obligations, selection and provision of helmets for school activities is the parents/guardians responsibility

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17
Q

why is it important for adults and teachers to wear appropriate protective equipment on school outings?

A

adults should serve as role models and wear the appropriate protective equipment they expect students to ear while engaged in the activity

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18
Q

define “supervision”

A

overseeing an activity for regulation or direction

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19
Q

what is the age requirement for supervision on any school off-site activity?

A

at least half the supervisors should be adults and all should be at least 16 years old (and at least 2 years older than the students)

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20
Q

8 requirements of EACH supervisor

A
  1. knows which students responsible for
  2. has reasonable knowledge of students in their care
  3. understands they re responsible to the teacher-in-charge for students assigned to them
  4. has clear plan of itinerary
  5. has a means to contact teacher-in-charge
  6. has knowledge and skill to manage readily foreseeable risks to the students or secure needed assistance promptly
  7. competent to exercise appropriate control of the students in his.her charge and to ensure students abide by agreed standards of behaviour
  8. aware of and understands established emergency procedures for the outing and has access to first aid
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21
Q

3 supervision processes

A

head counts, buddy system and name tags

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22
Q

head counts

A

simply counting students or numbering off

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23
Q

when are head counts important?

A

during transitions, when large groups are split into smaller groups and when getting on and off transportation

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24
Q

buddy system

A

pairing students and having them tay together or checking on one another

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25
Q

what is an alternative to the buddy system and why does it work better

A

circle buddies - each student looks out for the person to the left and right of them in the circle, this prevents 2 students (buddies) from disappearing together

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26
Q

name tags

A

allow you to address students by name

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27
Q

what are the issues associated with name tags

A

security issues - stranger could approach the child and say their name, pretending to know them

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28
Q

what should be added to name tags for younger students?

A

school name and contact number

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29
Q

why should contingency plans be established

A

to ensure ongoing supervision in the event that one supervisor needs to give prolonged attention to one student (e.g. behaviour problems, illness, injury, etc.)

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30
Q

3 types of supervision

A

1) constant visual supervision
2) on-site supervision
3) in-the-area supervision

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31
Q

constant visual supervision

A

teacher is physically present and watching the students, generally in close proximity

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32
Q

example of when constant visual supervision may be used

A

forestry tour when using a saw for the first time or camping and a student is lighting a camp stove for the first time

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33
Q

on-site supervision

A

teacher present but not constant, close proximity viewing of a particular student or activity

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34
Q

example of when on-site supervision may be used

A

tobogganing - the teacher is at the top of the hill and sees all students and canoeing, the teacher is on the dock and sees all students

35
Q

in-the-area supervision

A

teacher may not be able to see all students at one time, but students know where supervisors are and can contact one if necessary

36
Q

example of when in the area supervision may be used

A

geography - students are mapping park area or on a day hike

37
Q

who should be left with a map/route/itinerary before departure?

A

parents and principal

38
Q

6 things that should be included on the itinerary card

A
  1. route to be followed
  2. anticipated hazards
  3. program activities
  4. significant elevation changes
  5. anticipated travel times
  6. alternate routes
39
Q

what does external communications include

A

telephones, cells, satellite phones, radio phones, personal locator beacons

40
Q

what types of advantages and limitations should teachers be aware about of their external communications devices?

A

range, ease of use, accessibility, purchase and operational cost

41
Q

what are 2 backup means of signaling for help in remote areas?

A

flares and smoke flares

42
Q

who should carry whistles during off-site activities

A

EVERYONE

43
Q

name a simple noise based communication system that can be used

A

whistle-based communication system

44
Q

why should the teacher-in-charge assess the site for appropriateness and hazards?

A

conducted to identify the conditions, potential routes, runs and regulations, safety and emergency procedures and educational possibilities of the area

45
Q

4 factors guiding site investigations

A
  1. students abilities
  2. teacher/leaders knowledge of the area
  3. difficulty of the terrain
  4. environmental conditions
46
Q

when is it important to check first aid/survival/repair kits?

A

before and after trip (restock if necessary before next trip)

47
Q

4 ways that heat is lost through the body

A

conduction, convection, radiation, evaporation

48
Q

3 key layers to be worn

A

ventilation, insulation, protection

49
Q

Lead and Sweep positions

A

when students are ding activities where they are prone to getting spread out, teachers and more experienced students must be in the lead (front) and sweep (last) positions and students must be directed to stay between those positions

50
Q

what is the “rule of B4”

A

emphasizes the need to think ahead so one will always be ready (e.g. find protection from foul weather B4 it hits)

51
Q

what does constantly thinking B4 do?

A

allows you to remain safer and more comfortable

52
Q

true or false: one source of info for area familiarity is enough

A

FALSE: more than one source of info should be used (e.g. pre-visit, guidebooks, maps, websites, etc.) and 2 or more sources should be cross referenced to contribute to an accurate understanding of what is present

53
Q

3 ways that the leader will be skilled and effective at navigating in the area used

A

a. map selection and reading
b. compass use
c. route selection and interpretation

54
Q

3 types of camping

A
  1. front country camping
  2. base camping
  3. remote camping
55
Q

front country camping

A

staying in an established public or private campsite - often includes potable water, toilets and fire pits/wood burning stove

56
Q

base camping

A

setting up a temporary or semi-permanent campground

57
Q

remote camping

A

typically involves self-sufficient lightweight overnight stays in minimal facility backcountry sites

58
Q

what type of supervision is best for primary grades camping trips

A

on-site supervision

59
Q

what type of supervision is best for secondary grades camping trips

A

in-the-area supervision

60
Q

what type of supervision do students filling and lighting camp stoves, interns or other appliances or using open fires need on camping trips

A

constant visual supervision

61
Q

at what point can students filling and lighting camp stoves, interns or other appliances or using open fires need on camping trips stop having constant visual supervision

A

when the teacher is confident they have mastered the skill

62
Q

what is the difference between hiking and backpacking ?

A

hiking = walking with a light daypack, without the expectation of camping out overnight

backpacking = carrying the clothing, equipment and provisions the group needs to camp out one or more nights on the trail

63
Q

what type of supervision is best for hiking

A

in-the-area supervision

64
Q

what are some organizational techniques that could be used for hiking to keep the group together

A

sweep/lead, buddies, head counts, regular rest breaks and or other methods to keep the group together

65
Q

what is a good way to make sure no one goes the wrong way at trail junctions during a group hike?

A

to have rendezvous at trail junctions

66
Q

what type of supervision does backpacking need

A

in-the-area supervision

67
Q

4 things parents must do for an aquatics trip

A
  1. be notified of the supervisory arrangements
  2. identify their childs aquatic skill level
  3. acknowledge awareness of potential hazards associated with the swimming activity
  4. consent to their childs participation
68
Q

before swimming in water above chest heigh without a PFD, students must be given an __________

A

endurance test

69
Q

true or false: all students in kindergarten must wear PFDs

A

true

70
Q

supervision for swimming

A

one teacher is required and at least one certified life saver or life guard

71
Q

what is the ratio of adults to students in the water for grades K-1?

A

1:4

72
Q

what is the ratio of adults to students in the water for grades 2-4?

A

1:7

73
Q

what is the ratio of adults to students in the water for grades 5-8?

A

1:10

74
Q

what is the ratio of adults to students in the water for grades 9-12?

A

1:15

75
Q

how often should head counts be done in the water

A

at regular 15-20 minute intervals

76
Q

the ____________ is a useful assessment tool if students are paddling on large lakes

A

Lifesaving Survival Swim Test

77
Q

4 parts to the Lifesaving Survival Swim Test

A

a. orient themselves in the water
b. tread water (2 minutes)
c. do the HELP and Huddle positions (2 minutes each)
d. swim (50m continuous)

78
Q

true or false: if there is a weak swimmer, they should not get to participate in the paddling activity

A

FALSE: put weak swimmers with competent swimmers

79
Q

supervision for paddling sports

A

on site supervision of teaching area and in the area on trips

80
Q

what is the ration of teachers to students for paddle sports? what if students are in solo canoes/kayaks?

A

1:8-10 minimum, 1:6-8 if in solo canoes/kayaks

81
Q

what must teachers know how to do to lead winter activities

A

how to prevent, recognize signs and symptoms and treat common cold related illnesses and injuries (e.g. hypothermia and frostbite)

82
Q

supervision for winter activities

A

in the area supervision

83
Q

supervision for winter activities where students may be crossing a potential avalanche slope

A

constant visual supervision

84
Q

a group of ___ students maximum is recommended in avalanche terrain

A

12

Outdoor Recreation and Education (1 decks)

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