Test 1 Flashcards
multigravida
A woman who has delivered two or more pregnancies at 20 or more weeks gestation.
Gravida
A woman who is/has been pregnant regardless of the duration or outcome of the pregnancy.
Primigravida
A woman whois pregnant for the first time.
Para
Number of pregnancies that have progressed to 20 or more weeks at delivery, whether the fetus was born alive or stillborn; refers to the number of pregnancies, not the number of fetuses.
Multipara
A woman who has delivered 2 or more pregnancies at 20 weeks or more gestation.
nullipara
A woman who has never completed a pregnancy beyond a spontaneous or elective abortion.
Abortion
Birth < 20 weeks gestation
GTPAL
G=Gravida: # of pregnancies
T=Term: # of infants >37 wks
**P=Preterm: **(20-37 weeks): #of infants<37 weeks
A=Abortion: # births <20 wks
L=Living: # of living children
Estrogen
- proliferative function
- plays a role in increased vascularity and vasodilation
- causes enlargement of the uterus and breasts
Progesterone
- most important PG hormone
- placenta begins secreting it by 11 weeks
- needed for implantation
- decreases the contractility of smooth muscle (including blood vessels–dilates them; and intestines=constipation)
Lactogen
- stimulates mother’s metabolic system (increases BMR)
- Antagonist of insulin (ensures more protein, glucose and minerals are available for the fetus)
- Can be detected at 4 wks
Stillbirth
infant born dead > 20 weeks
Age of Viability in MO
24 weeks
polyhdraminos
exceeds 2 L:
poorly controlled DM, malformations of the CNS, CV system or GI tract that interfere with normal fluid ingestion, metabolism and excretion; chromosomal abnormalities, multifetal gestation
oligohydraminos
poor placental blood flow, preterm membrane rupture, failure of kidney development, blocked urinary excretion.
Teratogens/Harmful to Fetus
alcohol
aminoglycosides
anticonvulsants
statins
antineoplastics
antithyroid
cocaine
DES
folic acid antagonists
infections (CMV, Herpes, HIV, Rubella, Syphilis, Toxoplasmosis, varicella)
lithium
mercury
retinoic acid
tetracycline
tobacco
warfarin
Prenatal tests to Screen for Fetal Abnormalities
CVS
amniocentesis
ultrasound
PUBS
Positive signs of Pregnancy
- ausculation of fetal heart sounds
- fetal movements
- visualization of the fetus
