Test 1 Flashcards
Viewpoint about health the focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of disease
Medical model
A viewpoint about health that focuses on the prevention of disease
Wellness model
What is the impact of baby boomers?
As people age older, the demand for home health care and geriatric care increases, gap in job positions, higher rates of chronic disease
State of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Health
Describes how well-being is more than being free of disease and illness; incorporates mental and emotional health
Health Continuum
____ have longer life expectancies
Women
What do women require more of than men?
Health care
The quality of social and physical conditions in which people live, work, learn and play
Social determinants of health
Goal is to increase access to affordable care, holding insurance companies accountable, and to improve quality and lowering of health care cost
Affordable Care act
How does health care abroad vary from health care in the US?
Health care is a lot more affordable and is not as costly compared to the US. For example, most health care costs are free or have a very small fee.
Function under a market economy model determined by supply and demand
US health care
What are the top 10 causes of death for lower income countries?
Respiratory infections, HIV, Stroke, TB, birth complications, etc.
What are the top 10 causes of death for higher income countries?
Heart disease, cancer, stroke, Alzheimer’s, diabetes
What are the leading health indicators?
Access to health and clinical services, environmental equality, injury and violence, oral health, nutrition, mental health, tobacco, sexual health
Science of protecting and improving the health of families and communities through promotion of health lifestyles, research for disease, injury prevention, etc.
Public health
What are the 3 parts of health core functions and essential services?
Assessment, policy development, assurance
All public, private, and voluntary entities that contribute to the delivery of essential public health services within a jurisdiction
Public health systems
What are the 4 divisions of the Kent County health department?
Administration, community clinical services, environmental health, community wellness
Includes epidemiology, emergency preparedness, marketing, medical examiner
Administration
Includes immunization, STD care, TB prevention and control, WIC
Community clinical services
Includes childhood lead poisoning, Child loss program, maternal and child home visiting programs, obesity initiative, medicaid, refugee services, vision and hearing screening
Community wellness
Includes lab services, food service sanitation, animal control, body art program
Environmental health
What are some public health achievements?
Fluoridation, Sanitation, etc.
Research whose major aim is to find a cure for a specific disease
Curative research
Research whose major aim is to control symptoms, not curing a disease
Control research
Study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to the control of health problems
Epidemiology
What are the 3 basic rates of epidemiology?
Incidence, mortality, prevalence
Number of deaths over a population
Mortality
Number of a new cases over a population at risk
Incidence
Number cases over a population
Prevalence
Describes to occurrence of health-related events by time, place, and person
Descriptive epidemiology
Aims to direct prompt and effective public health control prevention measure
Analytic epidemiology
What are the goals of the department of health and human services?
Strengthen health care, advance in knowledge and innovation, advance health, safety and well-being of Americans
Promote the economic and social well-being of families, individuals, and communities through a range of educational and supportive programs for youth and family
Administration for children and families
Ensure the continued protection of individuals with disabilities and prevent their abuse and neglect
Administration for community living
Supports research designed to improve the quality of health care, reduce its costs, and broaden access to services
Agency for healthcare research and quality
Protects the public health of the nation by providing leadership and direction in the prevention and control of diseases
Center for disease control and prevention
Ensures that food is safe, human and animal drugs, biological products, and medical services are safe and effective
Food and drug administration
Combines the oversight of the Medicare program, State children’s health insure program and health insurance marketplace
Centers for Medicare and medicaid services
Therapeutic and diagnostic devices used by health professionals to prevent, treat, and diagnose illness and assist patients medically
Medical technology
What are the 5 types of medical technology?
Medical devices, medical imaging, minimal invasive surgery, genetic mapping and testing, gene therapy
Includes implants and things such as blood pressure cuffs
Medical Devices
Includes CAT scans, MRI, etc.
Medical imaging
Includes finding genes that may lead to diseases such as breast cancer
Genetic mapping
Treatment of disease using normal or altered genes to replace of enhance nonfunctional or missing genes
Gene therapy
Use of fiber optics, guided images, microwave, and other technologies to do surgery rather than cutting large sections of tissue
Minimally invasive surgery
The notice to the FDA that they intend to do tests on humans
Investigation new drug application
Formal request from the FDA to be allowed to market a new drug
New drug application
Tests the drug to figure out what happens to the drug in the body
Phase I studies
Studies whether the drug produces the desired effect
Phase II
Involves thousands of patients in different parts of the country who receive a placebo and standard treatment; indicate whether the drug is safe or causes serious complications
Phase III
FDA continues to monitor the drug, company must file problems if issues come up
Phase IV
Drug and food additives needed to be labeled with their main ingredient
Food and Drug Act of 1906
Required testing for safety, responsibility of pharmaceutical companies, mandatory reporting of test results
Food, Drug, and cosmetic act of 1938
Gave FDA more control over the introduction of new products, required more extensive testing of drugs, authority to regulate drug advertising
Amendment to food, drug, and cosmetic act of 1938 in 1962
Improves access to health care services for people who are uninsured, isolated, or medically vulnerable
Health resources and services administration
Provides American Indians and Alaska Natives with comprehensive health services by developing and managing programs to meet their health needs
Indian Health Service
Provides leadership and direction to programs designed to improve health of the nation by conducting and supporting research
NIH
Improves access and reduces barriers to high quality, effective programs and services for individuals who suffer from or are at risk for addictive and mental disorders
Substance abuse and mental health services administration
What are some core values of the American culture?
Individualism, freedom, equality, achievement and success, efficiency, material comfort, humanitarianism, progress/science technology
Groups that share many of the elements of mainstream culture but maintain their own distinctive customs, values, norms, and lifestyles
Subcultures
What is the role of culture and language in a health care system?
It can determine how you may interact with a patient
Degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic information and services needed to make appropriate decisions about their health
Health literacy
Ability of health organizations and practitioners to recognize the cultural beliefs, values, attitudes, traditions, language preferences, and health practices of specific cultural groups and to apply that knowledge to produce positive health outcomes
Cultural competence
Health care is viewed as a basic right
Rights theory
Health care resources should be allocated where they will do the most good
Utilitarian theory
Tells people they ought to treat others as they wanted to be treated themselves
Kantian theory
The right of patients to make decisions about their medical care without their health care provider trying to influence the decision
Autonomy
Help prevent or remove harms or to improve the situation of others
Beneficence
Refrain from harming patients or using ineffective treatment
Nonmaleficence
