Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio Psych > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Biological psychologists are primarily interested in the study of the Physiological, evolutionary, and-

a. social influence on attitudes
b. developmental mechanisms of behavior and experience
c. use of reinforcement to change behavior
d. mental well-being of plants

A

b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

At the microscopic level, we find two kinds of cells:

a. molecules and mitochondria
b. mitochondria and glia
c. neurons and glia
d. neurons and molecules

A

c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q 
A(n) \_\_\_\_\_ describes how a structure or behavior develops, including the influence of genes, nutrition, experiences, and their interactions.
a. Functional 
B. Ontogenetic 
C. Physiological
D. Evolutionary
A

b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In most bird species, only the male sings and then only in his territory during the reproductive season. This is to attract females and to ward off other males, which serves to improve their chances of mating. This behavior demonstrates:
A. That physiological explanations are preferred over other kinds of explanations
B. Learning during a critical period
C. That physiological ontogenetic evolutionary and functional explanations are mutually exclusive
D. How physiological, ontogenetic, evolutionary, and functional explanations can I’ll be used to explain the same behavior

A

d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When researchers try to estimate the heritability of human behavior, what are the main kinds of individuals they consider?
A. Twins and adopted children
B. People from non-Western cultures
C. Newborns and infants
D. Uneducated people living in educated societies

A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q 
An example of a sex-linked trait is:
A. Eye color
B. Color vision deficiency 
C. Temperament 
D. Intelligence
A

b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mutations are:
A. A common occurrence in most single genes
B. Guided by the needs of the organism in its environment
C. Almost always beneficial to the organism
D. Changes in single genes

A

d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

To say that there is a “gene for blue eyes”:
A. Means that a gene directly produces blue eyes
B. Suggests dominance, since you only need one gene to express the trait
C. Suggest that other jeans might produce blue eyes also
D. Means that a gene indirectly produces blue eyes through a complex process of protein synthesis and environmental input

A

d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why is a genetic explanation for all truism problematic?
A. Only nonhuman animals exhibit altruistic behaviors
B. Altruistic behavior is rarely benefit the individual performing them
C. Altruism is more common among the young than among adults
D. No behavior has been linked to any genes

A

b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Kin selection as an explanation for altruistic behavior would argue that:
A. Individuals help others who help them
B. Individuals pick their mates based on how altruistic they are
C. Individuals spread their genes by helping their relatives
D. Society benefits as a whole when individuals help each other

A

c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Minimalist believe that:
A. All research should be done on animals
B. Some animal research is acceptable, but not all
C. No animal research should be conducted
D. Researchers should only use small animals

A

b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The function of an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee is to:
A. Evaluate veterinarians who provide care to laboratory animals
B. Determine whether research is merely for the benefit of humans
C. Evaluate proposed experiments to ensure that they minimize pain and discomfort
D. Provide food and water for lab animals, and keep cages clean

A

c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Santiago Ramon y Cajal demonstrated that:
A. At rest, the neuron has a negative charge inside its membrane
B. Neurons are separate from one another
C. Neurons communicate at specialized junctions called synapses
D. Action potential’s follow the all or none law

A

b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The main feature that distinguishes a neuron from other animal cells is that a neuron has:
A. A larger nucleus
B. A distinctive shape
C. The ability to metabolize a variety of fuels
D. A high internal concentration of sodium ions

A

b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Dendrites _______.
A. Contain the nucleus, ribosomes, and other structures found in most cells
B. Are branching fibers that get narrower near their ends
C. Is a thin fiber of constant diameter
D. Are an insulating material that cover an axon

A

b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q 
Some dendrites contain additional short outgrowths. What are these outgrowths called?
A. hillocks
B. Dendritic spines
C. Dendritic Roots
D. Myelin sheaths
A

b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A greater amount of branching on dendrites allow them to:
A. Manufacture more mitochondria
B. Have a larger surface area available for receiving information from other neurons
C. Increase their membrane permeability
D. Lower their resting potential

A

b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q 
The information center of the neuron, which conveys an impulse towards either other neurons or a gland or muscle, is called the:
A. Axon
B. dendrite
C. Soma
D. myelin
A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Compared to dendrites, axons usually:
A. Form the information receiving pole of the neuron
B. Are shorter than the dendrites
C. are covered with Myelin
D. Taper in diameter towards their periphery

A

c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q 
Nodes of Ranvier are: 
A. Gaps in the Myelin of Axons
B. The same as the Myelin Sheath
C. The spiny outgrowths on dendrites 
D. Responsible for cell metabolism
A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q 
A presynaptic terminal is also known as:
A. An end bulb
B. A node of Ranvier
C. Myelin
D. A spine
A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q 
Chemicals are released by axons: 
A. Into the presynaptic terminal 
B. Into the junction between neurons
C. Through the efferent terminals 
D. To the mitochondria
A

b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q 
A neuron can have any number of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, but no more than one \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. Dendrites, Axon
B. Axons, dendrite
C. Cell bodies, axon
D. Cell bodies, dendrite
A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q 
As a general rule, where do axons convey information?
A. Toward dendrites of their own cell
B. Toward their own cell body
C. Away from their own cell body
D. To surrounding glia
A

c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q 
What would a neuron in the pons be called that receives information only from other cells in the pons and sends information only to other cells in the pons?
A. Afferent
B. Efferent
C. Intrinsic
D. Inter-synaptic
A

c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Which of these is true of glial cells?
A. They are larger than Neurons
B. They transmit information over long distances
C. They do not transmit information over long distances
D. They are less numerous than neurons

A

c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q 
What type of glial cells myelinate axons in the brain and spinal cord?
A. Oligodendrocytes
B. Schwann cells
C. Radial glia
D. Astrocytes
A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q 
Which type of glia builds myelin sheaths around the axons in the periphery of the body?
A. Astrocytes
B. Schwann cells
C. Oligodendrocytes
D. Radial Glia
A

b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q 
Glial cells whose function most closely resembles that of the immune system are called:
A. Oligodendrocytes
B. Schwann cells
C. Microglia
D. Radial Glia
A

c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q 
What is the mechanism that prevents or slow some chemicals from entering the brain, while allowing others to enter?
A. A threshold 
B. A blood-brain barrier
C. An endoplasmic wall
D. A differential drug inhibitor
A

b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What happens to a virus that manages to cross the blood brain barrier and enter the brain?
A. It is destroyed by natural killer cells
B. It gets trapped in the neuron, and then both are destroyed by natural killer cells
C. It gets trapped in the glial cell, then both are destroyed by natural killer cells
D. It stays in the nervous system throughout the persons life

A

d

32
Q

The major disadvantage to a blood brain barrier is that:
A. Many chemicals can easily diffuse into the brain
B. It requires so much glucose to maintain it
C. Certain required chemicals must be actively transported
D. Viruses can’t escape

A

c

33
Q

What leads to Korsakoff’s syndrome?
A. Thiamine deficiency resulting from alcoholism
B. Glucose deficiency resulting from alcoholism
C. Viruses that manage to cross the blood brain barrier
D. glial cells that over reproduce and increase pressure in the brain

A

A

34
Q 
What is the difference in voltage called that typically exist between the inside and the outside of a neuron?
A. Concentration gradient
B. Generator potential 
C. Resting potential 
D. Shock value
A

c

35
Q 
What is the approximate resting potential of the inside of a neurons membrane, relative to the outside?
A. -70 millivolts
B. +10 millivolts 
C. 0 millivolts
D. +90 millivolts
A

A

36
Q

When the neuronal membrane is at rest, the sodium channels:
A. Permit sodium ions to pass quickly and easily
B. permit potassium ions to cross instead of sodium
C. are closed
D. fluctuate rapidly between open and closed

A

c

37
Q 
The sodium potassium pump repeatedly transports \_\_\_\_sodium ions out of the cell while drawing \_\_\_\_potassium ions into it
A. 3, 2
B. 2, 3
C. 1, 3
D. 1, 2
A

A

38
Q

What is meant by the term “concentration gradient” with respect to neurons?
A. Sodium is more concentrated in the dendrites and potassium in the Axon
B. negative charges are more concentrated outside the cell.
C. Sodium and potassium ions are more concentrated on opposite sides of the membrane.
D. Potassium is more concentrated in the dendrites and sodium in the axon

A

c

39
Q

Which of the following is an advantage of having a resting potential?
A. The toxic effects of sodium are minimized inside the cell.
B. No energy is required to maintain it. C. The cell is prepared to respond quickly to a stimulus.
D. All of the ions are maintained in equal concentrations throughout the cytoplasm

A

c

40
Q 
Ordinarily, stimulation of a neuron takes place:
A. Through hyper polarization
B. At the synapse
C. In the mitochondria 
D. In the endoplasmic reticulum
A

b

41
Q 
Hyperpolarization is:
A. Increase polarization. 
B.Decreased polarization. 
C. The threshold of the cell. 
D. The resting potential of the cell.
A

A

42
Q 
The neuron will produce an action potential only if the depolarization exceeds what level?
A. The threshold of excitation
B. The resting potential
C. Hyperpolarization
D. The refractory period
A

A

43
Q 
During the entire course of events from the start of an action potential until the membrane returns to it's resting potential, what is the net movement of ions? 
A. Sodium in, potassium in
B. Sodium out, potassium out 
C. Sodium in, potassium out 
D. Sodium out, potassium in
A

c

44
Q 
A drug that blocks the sodium gates of a neurons membrane would: 
A. Decrease the Threshold
B. block the action potential 
C. Cause repeated action potentials 
D. eliminate the refractory period
A

b

45
Q

Local anesthetic drugs attach to the sodium channels of the membrane, which:
A. Allows sodium ions to enter and stop action potential
B. Prevents potassium ions from entering and stopping action potential
C. Allows potassium ions to enter and stop action potential
D. Prevents sodium ions from entering and stopping action potential

A

d

46
Q

The all or none law states that:
A. A neuron produces an action potential of maximal strength or not at all
B. All neurons fire or none at all
C. All neurons in a pathway fire at the same time or none do
D. All ions move in the same direction or none do

A

A

47
Q 
The primary feature of the neuron that prevents the action potential from traveling back from where it just passed is the:
A. Concentration gradient
B. Refractory period
C. Sodium potassium pump
D. Phospholipid bilayer
A

b

48
Q

What happens once an action potential starts?
A. It is conducted the rest of the way as an electrical current.
B. It needs additional stimulation to keep it going along the axon.
C. It increases in speed as it goes.
D. It is regenerated at other points along the axon

A

d

49
Q

The presence of myelin and the diameter of the axon:
A. Affect the strength and frequency of the stimulation
B. Affect the speed of an action potential.
C. Affect the strength of an action potential.
D. Affect the frequency of an action potential.

A

b

50
Q

To what does the saltatory conduction refer?
A. The production of an action potential by the movement of sodium ions
B. The transmission of an impulse along a myelinated Exxon
C. The transmission of an impulse along dendrites
D. The transmission of an impulse between one neuron and another

A

b

51
Q 
What diseases related to the distraction of myelin sheaths
A. Multiple sclerosis 
B. cystic fibrosis 
C. myasthenia gravis 
D. Parkinson's disease
A

A

52
Q 
Which of the following is not governed by the all or none law?
A. Unmyelinated axons 
B. Myelinated axons
C. Motor neurons
D. Local neurons
A

d

53
Q

A local neuron:
A. Has an axon approximately a meter long
B. Conveys information to other neurons across great distances
C. is a small neuron with no axon or a very short one
D. Has an axon with many branches far from the cell body

A

c

54
Q 
The circuit from sensory neuron to muscle response is called a 
A. reflex arc
B. a synapse 
C. flexion 
D. extension
A

A

55
Q 
A certain week stimulus produces no reflexive response, but a rapid repetition of the stimulus may produce such a response. What is this phenomenon called? 
A. Spatial summation 
B. Temporel summation 
C. saltatory conduction
D. Synaptic combination
A

b

56
Q 
A graded depolarization is known as an:
A. EPIP
B. IPSP
C. ESPN
D. EPSP
A

d

57
Q

Depolarization is to ____ as hyperpolarization is to _____
A. Excitation, inhibition
B. inhibition, excitation
C. increasing the threshold, decreasing the threshold
D. decreasing the threshold, increasing the threshold

A

A

58
Q

Spatial summation refers to:
A. Multiple weak stimulations that occur in rapid succession
B. A decrease in responsiveness after repeated stimulation
C. Multiple weak stimulations that occur at the same time
D. An increase in the strength of action potentials after repeated stimulations

A

c

59
Q

What do temporal summation and spatial summation have in common?
A. Both involve the activity of only two neurons
B. Both require a response from the brain
C. Both depend on a combination of visual and auditory stimuli
D. Both enable a reflex to occur in response to a weak stimuli

A

d

60
Q

What ordinarily prevents extensor muscles from contracting at the same time as flexor muscles?
A. The ligaments and tendons that bind them together
B. learned patterns of coordination in the cerebral cortex
C. inhibitory synapses in the spinal cord
D. control of both muscles by different branches of the same axon

A

c

61
Q

What determines whether a neuron has an action potential?
A. Only the number of EPSPs impinging on an axon
B. Only the number of IPSPs impinging on the dendrites
C. Combined effects of EPSPs and IPSPs
D. Summation effects of IPSPs

A

c

62
Q

Loewi demonstrated that synapses operate by the release of chemicals. He did this by:
A. Applying adrenaline directly to the heart muscle
B. Collecting fluid from a simulated frogs heart, transferring into another frogs heart, and measuring that heart rate
C. Measuring the speed of a dogs reflexes while the dog was under the influence of various drugs
D. applying an extract of marijuana and eyedrops and discovering that it dilated pupils

A

b

63
Q

The correct sequence of chemical events at a synapse is:
A. Reuptake, release, transport, synthesis
B. Synthesis, transport, release, reuptake
C. Transport, release, reuptake, synthesis,
D. Recycle, reuse, release, return,

A

b

64
Q

What makes nitric oxide and unique among neuro transmitters?
A. It is released before the action potential occurs
B. it is taken back up into the presynaptic neuron
C. it is a gas
D. it is composed of amino acids

A

c

65
Q 
After a meal that was rich in the amino acid tryptophan, which neuro transmitter level would be increased to the most?
A. Dopamine 
B. endorphin 
C. serotonin 
D. nitric oxide
A

c

66
Q 
The presynaptic terminal stores high concentrations of neurotransmitter molecules in:
A. Axons
B. vesicles 
C. Peptides 
D. dendrites
A

b

67
Q 
Large neurotransmitters are synthesized in the:
A. Post synaptic terminal 
B. presynaptic terminal
C. cell body
D. Dendrites
A

c

68
Q 
When an action potential reaches the end of an axon, the depolarization causes what kind of movement in the presynaptic cell?
A. Sodium out of the cell 
B. lithium out of the cell 
C. iron into the cell 
D. calcium into the cell
A

d

69
Q 
In general, a single neuron releases \_\_\_\_\_\_ neurotransmitters and can respond to \_\_\_\_\_\_ neurotransmitters
A. One, many
B. Dozens of, only one
C. Several, only one
D. Several, many
A

d

70
Q

The main advantage of a neuron releasing more than one neurotransmitter is that:
A. If it runs out of one, it has others
B. it can release different transmitters on different occasions
C. it can release more complex messages
D. it can release one from the axons terminal and one from another location along the axon

A

c

71
Q 
A receptor can directly open a channel exerting a(n) \_\_\_\_\_ effect or it can produce slower but longer \_\_\_\_\_ effects
A. Gated, metabotropic
B. Ionotropic, gated
C. Metabotropic, ionotropic
D. Ionotropic, metabotropic
A

d

72
Q 
Which of the following actions is most likely to be dependent on ionotropic effects:
A. Gradual sleepiness
B. Hormone release 
C. Hunger
D. Rapid muscle contractions
A

d

73
Q 
Ionotropic effects are characterized by:
A. Rapid, short-lived effects
B. Rapid, long lasting effects
C. Excitatory only
D. Inhibitory only
A

A

74
Q

A metabotropic synapse, by way of its second messenger, ______.
A. Has effects localized to one point on the membrane
B. Can influence activity in much of the presynaptic cell
C. Can influence activity in much or all of the postsynaptic cell
D. Has minimal effect on the postsynaptic cell

A

c

75
Q

Activation of autoreceptors tends to:
A. Increase further neurotransmitter release
B. Stimulates GABA release
C. increased sodium potassium pump activity
D. decrease further neurotransmitter release

A

d

Bio Psych (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions