Test 1

Question 1

Stratosphere

Answer 1

10-50km
T increases as altitude increases

Ozone =15-25km

Question 2

Mesosphere

Answer 2

50-85km

T decreases as altitude increases

Question 3

Thermosphere

Answer 3

85-500km

T increases as altitude increases

Question 4

X-rays

Question 5

Ultraviolet

Answer 5

50-400

UV-C = 200
UV-B = 280
HV-A = 320

Question 6

Visible

Answer 6

400-750nm

Question 7

Infrared

Answer 7

750-10^5

Question 8

Troposphere

Answer 8

0-16 km

T decrease as altitude increases

Question 9

Bond Energies
N2
OH-H
O2
CH3-H
CH3-Cl
O=N-O
CH3-Br
OH-OH
O=O-O

Answer 9

945
498
497
435
351
305
293
213
107

Question 10

Ozone layer

Answer 10

Stratosphere

O2 + UV-C –> 2O*

O + O2 + M –> O3 + M*

At bottom of troposphere
Decrease in O = lower O2
Density higher so O2(bottom)&raquo_space; O2(top)

Question 11

Catalysis

Answer 11

Substance for ozone destruction is not present

Question 12

Partial pressure

Answer 12

Pressure which gas would have if it alone occupied the volume

Question 13

Vapor pressure

Answer 13

Pressure of vapor in equilibrium with its non vapor phases

Question 14

Chloroflourocarbons (CFC’s)

Answer 14

replaced nasty chemicals in refrigerants such as SO2 and NH3

Increase P at RT = condense

Release P at RT = expansion

Question 15

Replacing CFC’s

Answer 15

Hydrochloroflourocarbons (HCFC’s)
Hydroflourocarbons (HFC’s)
Halons (used in fire extinguishers)

Question 16

Antarctic Winter

Answer 16

1) vortex isolates air within from mixing
2) cold temp forms PSC’s concentrating condensing E substances
3) at end of winter sunlight triggers photochemical reactions

Question 17

Particulates

Answer 17

General term for something that exists as minute separate particles

Question 18

Smoke

Answer 18

First widely recognized form of air pollution

Question 19

Air pollution

Answer 19

Aerosols
Dust
Fly ashes
Fumes
Smokes
Spot

Question 20

Atmospheric Particles

Answer 20

100micrometers to 0.001 micrometers

Question 21

Aitken particles

Answer 21

Radii less than 0.1 micrometers scatter light deducting visibility an can enter the innermost regions of the lungs

Question 22

Spot particle

Answer 22

Incomplete combustion of car onerous material

Question 23

Components of photochemical smog

Answer 23

NOx (NO + NO2)
Sunlight
VOC’s
O2

Question 24

Smog prevention

Answer 24

Reduce fuel evaporation
Reduce reactivity of fuel with OH
Improve efficiency of fuel carbon oxidation

Question 25

Catalytic Converters

Answer 25

2 chambers Oxidation = Rh catalyst with honeycomb structure Reduction = Pt and PD catalysts

Question 26

Aerosols

Answer 26

Colloid sized atmospheric particles

Question 27

Condensation aerosols

Answer 27

Form condensation or reaction of vapor

Question 28

Dispersion aerosol

Answer 28

Formed from solids, liquids, or dusts

Question 29

PM index

Answer 29

Concentration of aerosols smaller then specified diameter

Question 30

Inorganics in aerosols

Answer 30

``` Fly ash Mercury Lead Cadmium Arsenic ```

Question 31

Health risk for toxins

Answer 31

Health risks from toxins are greater for indoor air than for outdoor air

Question 32

Indoor Pllutants

Answer 32

``` Environmental tobacco smoke Asbestos & other inorganic dusts Radon daughters Indoor use of pesticides Organic dusts and vapors Biological agents (fungi, mold) *no UV light* ```

Question 33

Causes of Acid Rain

Answer 33

Sources = SO2 & NOx Natural SO2 background Human activity Motivation -scrubbing of SO2 with CaCO3

Question 34

Dry vs wet deposition

Answer 34

Kinetics --> rates of oxidation of NOx and SO2 Nuclear ion and partitioning (dry vs wet deposition)

Question 35

Dry deposition

Answer 35

Deposition of gases and particles

Question 36

Effects of acid rain

Answer 36

``` Direct phototoxicity to plants Indirect phototoxicity Respiration effects on humans and animals Acidification of waters Corrosion of exposed structures ```