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International Health > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of 968 million illiterate are third world countries

A

96

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2
Q

What are causes of continued illiteracy

A
  • rapid population growth
  • continually an income gap between the rich and poor
  • there is always some type of crisis, war, drought, famine, that will stop education
  • there is also a decrease investment in education in developing countries
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3
Q

What percentage of Americans over the age of 15 cannot address and envelope

A

25

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4
Q

What percentage of Americans over the age 15 cannot count back correct change

A

40

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5
Q

What contributes to health, education, productivity, and poverty?

A
  1. Health and education of parents effects the health and education of their children
  2. Malnutrition and disease affect the cognitive development and social performance of children
  3. Education contributes to the prevention of illness
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6
Q

What are the components of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

A
  1. Everyone had a right to education.
  2. Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality
  3. Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children.
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7
Q

What is the Nuremberg code?

A

Was the first document to specify the ethical principles that should guide physicians engaged in human subject research.

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8
Q

What are the 8 Environmental health MDG’s

A
  1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
  2. Achieve universal primary education
  3. Promote gender equality and empower women
  4. Reduce child mortality
  5. Improve maternal health
  6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases
  7. Ensure environmental sustainability
  8. Develop a global partnership for development
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9
Q

What are the key environmental health burdens?

A

Indoor air pollution
Outdoor air pollution
Sanitation, water, hygiene

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10
Q

How can we reduce the burden of outdoor air pollution of disease?

A

Unleaded gasoline, low smoke lubricant for two strike engines, banning of two stroke engines, natural gas, reduce the burning of garbage

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11
Q

How can we reduce the burden of indoor air pollution of disease?

A

Use solar cooking and heating, venting smoke from blushes, separating kitchen from main part of house, properly maintaining their stoves and chimneys, keeping children away from cooking area

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12
Q

How can we reduce the burden of sanitation in disease

A

Correct sewage disposal, toilets

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13
Q

How can we reduce the burden of water supply in disease

A

Make sure it is clean and close to person

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14
Q

How can we reduce the burden of hygiene in disease

A

Promotion of this leads to 33% less off diarrhea, hand washing.

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15
Q

Diarrhea is the leading causes of what?

A

Morbidity and mortality

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16
Q

How many episodes and deaths occur annually among children aged

A
  1. 5 billion episodes

1. 5-2.5 deaths

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17
Q

What are the causes of diarrhea,

A 
Poor nutrition 
Contaminated water 
Unsanitary conditions 
Protozoan (amoebas, giardia, malaria)
Metazoans(worms) 
Viral or bacterial infections 
Food poisoning
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18
Q

How can we prevent diarrhea

A 
Wash hands 
Regard food
Drink safe water 
Good hygiene 
Avoid contact with fecal matter
Use Latrine 
Good nutrition
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19
Q

What are signs and symptoms of dehydration

A 
Patients appearance 
Radial pulse 
Thirst 
Eyes
Urine flow
Skin elasticity 
Mouth and tongue 
Hands and feet
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20
Q

What percentage of diarrheal deaths are because of dehydration

A

2/3

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21
Q

What are some components of illiteracy and gender

A
  1. More than 140 million children, including at least 80 million girls have no access to primary schooling
  2. More than 948 million adults, 2/3 of whom are women, are illiterate
  3. More than one third of the world adults have no access to the printed knowledge, new skills, and technologies that could improve the quality of their lives and help them shape and adapt to social and cultural change
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22
Q

what is ORT

A

oral rehydration therapy

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23
Q

what is the recipe for ORT

A

8 teaspoons sugar
1 teaspoon salt
1 liter of water

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24
Q

what are the doses of ORT

A

Adults: 2 liters in 24 hours
Baby: as much as they will drink
2 year old: at least a large cup after each episode
5 years and older: 1 liter throughout the day

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25
Q

A state of complete physical, mental, social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity but includes emotional, spiritual and environment is:

A

health

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26
Q

What refers to health problem issues and concerns that transcend national boundaries, may be influenced by circumstances or experiences in other countries and are best addressed by cooperative actions and solutions?

A

global health

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27
Q

what is the focuses on poverty related health problems and health systems in low and middle income societies. Greatest need is in the poverty areas?

A

international health

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28
Q

Epidemic is when

A

localized illness affects many. Spread rapidly.

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29
Q

Endemic is when

A

specific local group or place (malaria, swamplands)

30
Q

Pandemic is

A

world-wide

31
Q

What historical events was found during ISLAMIC MEDICINE IN THE DARK AGES?

A

rhazes- brilliant diagnostician signs and symptoms tracked but no good at treating. First to notice spring allergies.

32
Q

what historical events was found BY AVICENNA

A

First to say there is mind, body and spirit connection. PRINCE OF PHYSICIANS

33
Q

What three inventions changed the world during Renaissance

A
  1. Gun powder causing bodily wounds
  2. compass allowing exploration and world travel sharing knowledge and disease
  3. printing press allowing learned for themselves and wanting education
34
Q

What did Leonardo Di vinci bring

A
  1. brought distinct knowledge about the human body

2. autopsy and dissection. Latin terms were created by him

35
Q

What was brought by the Industrial revolution

A
  1. educate everyone not just the rich
  2. blood transfused were believed to cure any disease. women given sheets blood stopped the RUSH
  3. infectious disease was rampant but discovery of immunization, vaccines, and body immunity system
36
Q

in 1873 what did George Ebers find?

A

Papyra, a medical document, documenting things that happened in the place where the dig site was

37
Q

What did the document Pypyra list

A

lung disease, tooth troubles, life expectancy of 40 years

38
Q

what was found in 1920 in India?

A

the Indus River knowledge because the two cities had been covered

39
Q

Vedas found 4 texts buried in cities, what were they about?

A

healers, charms, judicial mutilations and amputations of the tongue

40
Q

Who was the Averveda Science of Life?

A

King Asoka.

41
Q

Who was King Asoka?

A

young ruler who was blood thirsty then became a Buddhist who wanted safest air for the safe house and free medical care. First concept of hospital setting and plastic surgery type healing to fix Judicial mutilation mistakes.

42
Q

What was Emperor Shen Nung famous for?

A

researcher tested on himself then tested on subjects 1000 different herbal medicines some that are still used today. Whole life dedicated to experiments died from negative effects of an experiment.

43
Q

Who is considered the father of medicine?

A

hippocrates

44
Q

What did Hippocrates establish?

A

medicine as a serious practice

45
Q

What is culture?

A

An important determinant of people’s perceptions of illness. Affects usage of health services Different cultures have different health practices.

46
Q

what are the behaviors and beliefs that are learned and shared?

A

Family, social group, individual, religion, community, art, politics, the economy

47
Q

What is a society?

A

Group or people that occupy a specific locality and share culture

48
Q

What is an insider?

A

culture viewed from within, attached to the things from the cultures perspective.

49
Q

what is an outsider?

A

culture viewed from the outside conveys structural approach of something as seem without understanding its meaning from culture.

50
Q

Ethnocentrism is composed of the part:

A
  1. Seeing your own culture as best
  2. natural tendency because the survival of a culture depends on teaching children to accept it
  3. becomes barrier if people approach a culture with the attitude that it is inferior
51
Q

How does culture vary?

A

of what is illness and how to treat it.

52
Q

Culture explanations of disease has four categories:

A

Body balances
Emotional
Super natural
Personal and inborn features of individuals

53
Q

What are within the body balances of disease?

A 
Temperature  (hot soup on a cold day)
Energy (your CHI)
Blood (Sex or period)
Dislocation (soft spot)
Problems with organs (mental illness)
Incompatibility of horoscopes (mother has incompatible child, child will be ill)
54
Q

What are within the emotional balances of disease?

A

Fright (get sick from someone if caused fright)
Sorrow (will get sick from someone in sorrow)
Envy(getting the evil eye)
Stress

55
Q

What are within the Super Natural balances of disease?

A

Bewitching(blue eyed person)
Demons(wear red bracelet)
Spirit (possession)
Evil eye
Offending Gods or God(children will be punished)
Soul Loss (open window will cause spirit to escape)
Sexual
Sex with forbidden (children will suffer)
Over indulgence in sex (weaken man)
Health Determinates

56
Q

What is within the Personal and inborn features of individuals in disease?

A

genetic make-up, sex and age
Social and cultural issues
Higher economic class better health care
Environment
Both indoor and outdoor
Education
Personal Health habits, behaviors and practices

57
Q

What are the three types of health service providers?

A

Indigenous
western biomedical
other medical systems

58
Q

what is within the Indigenous health service providers?

A 
Midwives
	Shamans
	Curers
	Spiritualist
	Witches
	Sorcerers
	Priests
	Diviners
	Herbalists
	Bonesetters
59
Q

What is within the Western Biomedical health service providers?

A 
Pharmacists
	Nurse-Midwives
	Nurse-Practitioners
 	Physicians
 	Dentists
60
Q

What is within the Other Medical Systems health service providers?

A 
Chinese medical system
 		Practitioners 
 		Chemists/herbalists
 		Acupuncturists
 	Ayurvedic practitioners
61
Q

What is child labor?

A

Employment of children below a legal age determined by law or custom that is associated with danger to individual health, education and personal and social development.

62
Q

What is bonded labor?

A

Child is used as collateral when a family needs money or takes a loan. Fee, and room and board as well as amount borrowed and interest accrued from the time of the loan. Often cannot buy the child back and they are sold into slavery or continue to be used as slave.

63
Q

What is child abuse?

A

When a person willfully or unreasonable does any act that endangers or is likely to endanger the safety of a child or that causes a child any unnecessary physical pain, suffering or injury, any emotional injury or injury to his or her health or development.

64
Q

How many child laborers are there

A

50-100 million

65
Q

1997 International Guidelines for Prohibition for Elimination of Child Labor:

A 
15 years of age
No forms of slavery
No prostitution or porn
No using for drug or human trafficking
No work that is likely to harm a child’s health, safety or morals
66
Q

Declaration of Human Rights Article 32 12 rights of a child:

A 
Right to vocational training
 Right to remain in his/her village
 Right to work in safety
Right to light and limited work
Right to rest during illness
Right to be respected
Right to be listened to	
Right to healthcare
Right to learn to read and write
Right to play and have free time
Right to express and organize
Right to equitable justice in case of problems
67
Q

Absolute or extreme poverty is

A

living on less than 1$ a day

68
Q

Relative poverty is

A

below some relative poverty threshold or households who earn less than 50% of the median income million dollar home in Beverly Hills vs Utah vs Nigeria

69
Q

How many people live on less than 1$ a day

A

1.1 billion

70
Q

How many people live on less than 2$ a day?

A

2.7

International Health (2 decks)

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