Test 1 Flashcards
1
Q
devices for CHF
A
bi ventricular pacing ICD Intraaortic balloon pump left ventricular assistive device
2
Q
STEMI indicates
A
occlusion in a large vessel and large at risk is a cardiac emergency
3
Q
rarest form of cardiomyopathy hast the worst prognosis does not appear to be inherited characterized by diastolic dysfunction
A
restrictive cardiomyopathy
4
Q
home care PT for CHF
A
flexibility, cycle ergometry and walking 20-60 min, 3-7 d/wk, 2-6 mo, 50-80 % of peak cycle heart rate or O2
5
Q
sensitive to sense of movement in skeletal system
A
mechanical receptors
6
Q
factors contributing to unstable angina
A
circadian variation in catecholamine levels increase platelet activation pathologic changes in atherosclerotic plaques
7
Q
excessive accumulation of fluid, other than blood, within the pleural space congestive heart failure infection of the lung
A
hydrothorax
8
Q
CHF ejection fraction
A
9
Q
FRC=
A
RV+ERV
10
Q
breathing exercises for CHF
A
inspiratory muscle training limited data for yoga
11
Q
forced expiration
A
rectus abdominis external and internal oblique internal intercostal serratus posterior inferior
12
Q
abnormal HR recovery after exercise
A
a decrese in HR of
13
Q
respiratory alkalosis renal compensation
A
conserve amount of hydrogen ions and elimnate HCO3
14
Q
marks site of the embryonic foramen ovale through which blood passes from right atrium to left atrium before birth
A
fossa ovalis
15
Q
adrengeric
A
norepinephrine post ganglionic sympathetic
16
Q
components of left ventricle
A
wall 2-3 times thicker than right mitral valve cusps papillary muscles chordae tendineae aortic valve
17
Q
Large inferior opening int eh sinus venarum that brings poorly oxygenated blood (abdomen and lower limb)
A
Inferior vena cava
18
Q
fibrous strands connecting papillary muscle to cusps of atrioventicular valves
A
chordae tendineae
19
Q
site of venous blood that has passed through the cardiac muscle
A
opening of coronary sinus
20
Q
contribute to inadequate oxygen supply in CHF
A
ventilatory muscle weakness abdominal ascities dyspnea
21
Q
coincides with closure of atrioventricular valves at start of systole
A
first sound lub
22
Q
restrictive cardiomyopathy in which and inflammatory disease that causes the formation of small lumps in organs (lungs)
A
sarcoidosis
23
Q
metabolic acidosis
A
HCO3 decreases because of excess ketones (diabetes) chloride or acid ions vomiting, lactic acidosis
24
Q
additional volume taken in
A
inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
25
Formed largely by the left ventricle along with narrow portion of the right ventricle
diaphragmatic surface
26
additional volume let out
expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
27
when do the papillary muscles contract
during ventricular systole
28
diaphragm at upright
level
29
avg alveolar gas
3000 ml
30
structures involved in ventilation
bony thorax ribs
31
collapse compression (hydrothroax) obstruction (tumor)
atelectasis
32
stiffened walls of the ventricles with loss of flexibility due to infiltration by abnormal tissue
restrictive cardiomyopathy
33
atherosclerosis progression
fatty streaks (aorta, coronary arteries) Fibrous plaque (stable or unstable, progression is based on several factors)
34
bucket handle
inferior ribs
35
if the serous layer of the pericardium becomes rough, typically secondarily due to viral infections, then friction and vibrations may occur with each cardiac cycle may sound like squeaky leather and may be widespread
pericaridal (friction) rub
36
restrictive cardiomyopathy in which abnormal protein fibers accumulate int eh hearts muscle
amyloidosis
37
the bronchi have small arteries that supply oxygenated blood to the brochial tree
2 on left come off the descending aorta 1 on the right comes off the 3rd posterior intercostal artery
38
signs and symptoms of coronary artery disease
obstruction but doesn't affect heart function may not demonstrate symptoms, depends on severity of obstruction per vessel and number of vessels
39
MI location anteroseptal
EKG V1-V3 Artery: LAD
40
cardiovascular disease risk factors
family history age diabetes hypercholesterolemia hypertension smoking obesity Inactivity/sedentary
41
most common type of valve prolapse
mitral valve
42
rehab center PT for CHF
aerobic exercise 20-60 min, 3-7 d/wk, 2-57 mo, 40-90% of peak cycle HR or VO2
43
how is prinzmetal angina treated
with a combination of nitrates and clacium channel blockers beta blockers are usually avoided
44
the heart muscle loses its ability to pump effectively. the heart becomes larger as it tries to compensate for its weakened condition
the heart in cardiomyopathy
45
abnormal BP response to exercise
a failure of systolic BP to rise in proportion to exercise intensity (without and meds)
46
prehypertension
120-139 80-89
47
Lobes of lungs
R: 3 oblique and horizontal fissure L: 2 oblique fissure
48
cortex can override the main centers for pulmonary ventilation
active expiration
49
what is the cause of angina and myocardial ishemia in CMD
inadequate O2 supply/demand to heart
50
precipitating factors foe IHD
cold exertion anxiety heavy meals tachycardia hypoglycemia
51
derived from incorporation of pulmonary veins
smooth walled part
52
VC=
IRV+tidal+ ERV
53
sudden SOB upon wake from sleep supine position increases venous return overloading the poorly functioning heart (increases pulmonary edema)
paroxysmal norturnal dyspnea and orthopnea
54
a slight depression in the interatrial wall
fossa ovale
55
Site of blood flow out of right atrium
Right atrioventricular valve
56
pulmonary sensors in the joint and muscle detect
physical activity increased breathing rate
57
Left coronary artery supplies
left atrium most of left ventricle Anterior 2/3 of AV septum (including AV bundles) SA node in 40% of people
58
alpha 2 adrenergic
parasympathetic, help with decreasing sympathetic activity discharge
59
lies beside anterior interventricular artery
great cardiac vein
60
right and left coronary arteries open into (after aortic valve)
right and left aortic sinuses
61
stage 4 hypertension
\>210 \>120
62
forced inspiration
quiet muscles sternodleidomastoid scalene muscles leator costarum serratus posterior superior
63
runs along acute margin of right ventricle, paralleling right marginal artery
small cardiac vein
64
preganglionic cardiac and pulmonary sympathetic fibers originat
in the spinal cord at T1-5
65
avg tidal volume
500ml
66
main coronary arteries
left circumflex left anterior descending right coronary
67
cardiac disease marked limitation OK at rest, less than ordinary activity causes symptoms above
Class III
68
Well established onset when characteristics remain unchanged for 60 days characterized by chest pain (transient hypoxia, relieved with change in activity or SLNG)
Stable angina
69
stage 2 hypertension
160-179 100-109
70
sympathetic nervous systems
preganglionic and postganglionic
71
metabolic alkalosis compensation
increase PaCO2 through decreasing respiration to hold on to CO2
72
produced by closure of aortic and pulmonary valves at end of systole
second sound dub
73
symptoms of CHF
dyspnea (paroxysmal nocturnal or orthopenea)
74
components of the left atria
pulmonary veins smooth-walled part fossa ovale atrioventricular valve
75
Blunt descending projection formed by left ventricle
apex
76
diaphragm at sidelying
uppermost side is lower lowermost side is higher
77
proper diagnosis of hypertension
3 visits with high BP in 3 months
78
SNS postganglionic reach
viscera run along the surface of the great vessels bronchi and vascular muscle
79
increase levels of collagen, destruction of the medial elastin, changes in composition of fibrous protiens
fibrous plaque
80
strength training for CHF
10 reps for 2-4 mo OR 60-80% of max voluntary contraction progression is slow with weight training
81
Signs of CHF
chest xray (large cardiac silhouetted) EF Cold pale cyanotic extremities (increased sympathetic activity) abnormal heart sounds (S3) sinus tachycardia abnormal breathing peripheral edema crackles/rales Jugular vein distension decreased exercise tolerance
82
failure to reach 85% of APMHR in the absence of beta blockers or other medication with similar effects
chronotropic incompetence
83
volume of air that remains in the lungs after a forceful expiratory effort
residual volume (RV)
84
corresponds to primitive atrium of embryonic heart; contains pectinate muscles
auricle
85
characteristics of CMD
ejection fraction angina and myocardial ischemia cardiac arrhythmias MI hypertension renal insufficiency
86
neurotransmitters
achetylcholine norepinephrine
87
Hallmark sign of CHF occurs when the LV is non-compliant and poor relaxation during systole
S3
88
the product of tidal volume and respiratory rate
Minute ventilation (Ve)
89
expiration pressure
pressure in lungs increases
90
Right marginal artery origin and distribution
right coronary artery right ventricle and apex of heart
91
blood flows into the coronary arteries after
the valves (aortic) have closed as a result of the elastic recoil of the aorta and great vessels
92
chronic elevation in BP most powerful contributor to cardiovascular disease
hypertension
93
what is prinzmetal angina secondary to
increase coronary vasomotor tone or vasospasm
94
ejection fraction of CMD
30-40%
95
dilated left ventricle and left atrium bulging interventricular septum from left to right thin ventricular walls myocardial mitochondria dysfunction
dilated cardiomyopathy
96
signs and symptoms of Ischemic heart disease in men
radiating pain (jaw or left side) crushing pain (elephant on chest) sweating skin color
97
stage 1 hypertension
140-159 90-99
98
layers of the pericardiaum
fibrous serous visceral
99
cholenergic receptors
muscarinic nicotinic cardiac and smooth muscle of lung and bronchioles tissue
100
S&S with SPO2 80, PaO2 45
as above
101
pathophysiologics of CHF
neurohormonal (sympathetic system) muscle wasting pulmonary/edema renal
102
Where the bronchus and pulmonary vessels enter and leave the lung
hilum
103
Pace maker of the heart controlled at level of
SA node brainstem
104
result of traumatic injury to the wall of the lung or infection which allows air to be pulled into the pleural space collapse towards hilum
pheumothorax
105
pericardium that secretes (20-30 ml)
serous
106
peripheral edema with CHF
weight gain \>3 lbs
107
you hear clear whisperq
whispering pectoriloquy
108
receives all cardiac veins except anterior cardiac veins and smallest cardiac veins
coronary sinus
109
criteria for modification or termination of exercise in CHF
marked dyspnea or fatigue RR \> 40 breath/min development of S3 heart sound increase in pulmonary crackles decrease in HR or BP or \>10 bpm/mmHg Diaphoresis, pallor or confusion
110
composed largely of the right atrium and right ventricle along with narrow portion of the left vntricle
sternocostal surface
111
treatment for MI in CMD
fix the underlying cause of infarction
112
MI location Anterior
EKG: V2-V4 artery: LAD
113
Allows blood to flow from right atrium to right ventricle during diastole
Tricuspid valve
114
respiratory alkalosis
decreased PaCO2 because you are getting rid of too much CO2 hyperventilation CHF
115
pulmonary valve cusps
right left and anterior
116
S&S with SPO2 90, PaO2 60
tachycardia, tachypnea restlessness
117
atherosis=
fatty streak
118
the amount of air remaining in the lungs at the end of normal tidal exhalation represents the point at which the forces tending to collapse the lungs are balanced against forces tending to exand the ches wall
functional residual capacity (FRC)
119
fine rattling sounds. these are noncontinuous, high pitched, fine sounds like that of a carbonated beverage. usually heard in the presence of fluid in the alveoli and the bronchioles
rales (crackles)
120
avg breath frequency
12 (18-20 is a problem)
121
left pulmonary artery is attached to arch of aorta by
ligamentum arteriorsum
122
how much does the diaphragm move in quiet sitting?
2/3 inch (2.5-3 inch in max effort)
123
diaphragm at supine
rest high excursion is greatest
124
Right coronary artery supplies
Right atrium most of right ventricle diaphragmatic surface of left ventricle posterior 1/3 of AV septum SA node in 60% of people AV node in 80% of people
125
pressures in systemic arteries
PO2: 100 PCO2: 40
126
Atrioventricular node origin and distribution
right coronary artery (80% of the time) AV node
127
the blood filled space above each valve cusp
aortic sinus
128
sensitive to changes in PO2 and PCO2 H+
peripheral chemoreceptors
129
comprise two or three small veins that drain sternocostal surface of right ventricle directly into right atrium most numerous in right atrium
anterior cardiac veins
130
anterior and posterior cusps of the atrioventicular valve
mitral valve cusps
131
normal pH
7.4
132
sensitive to acute stretch of alveoli safety mechanism-decrease duration of inspiration
lung receptors
133
cholinergic
acetylcholine postganglionic parasympathetic
134
Abnormal breathing patterns with CHF
quick shallow breaths
135
pressures in pulmonary artery
PO2= 40 PCO2=46
136
symptoms of pneumothorax
chest pain respiratory distress tachycardia
137
most cases are inherited (autosomal dominant) most common early onsset (10-25 yrs) principal cause of sudden death
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
138
body's adjustments to pH changes
compensation
139
sinus tachycardia in CHF due to
increased sympathetic activity
140
four firmly connected fibrous connective tissue rings that form the skeleton of the heart
Annuli fibrosi
141
sclerosis=
fibrotic
142
posterior interventricular (posterior descending) origin and distribution
right coronary artery right and left ventricles and IV septum
143
patient says e but you hear a
egophony
144
Impaired function with hyprtrophic cardiomyopathy
exaggerated pump function poor heart relaxation
145
forms of restrictive cardiomyopathy
amyloidosis sarcoidosis hemochromatosis
146
clinical manifestation of atelectasis
xray shows opaque area elevation of hemidiaphragm on affected side shift of mediastinum toward affected side decrease in size of rib interspaces ove affected hemidiaphragm
147
structural changes with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
increase thickness of left ventricular wall increase thickness of interventricular septum decreased left ventricular cavity size
148
aortic valve cusps
right left and posterior
149
dopaminergic
receptors in adrenal gland, blood vessels, heard primarily in sympathetic nervous system
150
srtachy sounds, produced by the movement of inflamed pleural surfaces rubbing together. walking on fresh snow
pleural friction rub
151
IC=
tidal+IRV
152
contains anterior and posterior cusps closes at the beginning of systole
mitral valve
153
beta 1 adrenergic
for the atria, located in atria SA node and ventricle, when adrinergic signals you are going to have and increase in HR
154
diaphragm at sitting
lower level
155
fluid in periphery of the lungs decreases the ability
of oxygen to diffuse from alveioli to arterioles
156
maximum amount of air that can be inhale after a normal tidal volume
Inspiratory capacity (IC)
157
Normal FEV FVC %
4 5 80%
158
inpatient PT for CHF
flexility cycle ergometry treadmill ambulation (30 min, 3-5 d/wk, 2-4 weeks, 50-70% of peak cycle work rate) energy conservation self management transfers educaiton
159
layer surrounding and attached to the heart
visceral
160
unusual syndrome of cardiac pain secondary to myocardial ischemia exclusively at rest ST segment elevation on EKG
Prinzmetal angina
161
severe thickening of the interventricular septum thickening of the left ventricular wall tiny left ventricular chamber
hyperthrophic cardiomyopathy
162
MI location lateral
EKG: I, aVL, V5, V6 Artery: LAD or circumflex
163
pressures in systemic veins
PO2: 40 PCO2: 46
164
fick equation
VO2= (SVxHR) x a-vO2
165
cardiac disease without limitation
class I
166
main regulator centers for pulmonary ventilation
medullary inspiratory center medullary expiratory center establish rate and depth of breathing
167
most common cause of CMD
myocardial infarction
168
adrenergic receptors
alpha beta
169
tough fibrous indestensible outer portion of the pericardium fuses with the diaphragm adventitia of the great arteries and veins
fibrous
170
STEMI by definition
in at least two contiguous leads \>2mm in leads V1, V2, and V3 \> 1mm in all other leads
171
etiology of hypertension
essential/primary: occurs in absence of disease (arteriole resistance) non essential/secondary: occurs in presence of disease Labile
172
neruotransmitter receptors
cholenergic adrenergic doapminergic
173
what level of BP should you get medical clearance before implementing PT
resting \>200 \>105
174
Left coronary artery origin and distribution
left aortic sinus left atrium and ventricle, IV septum, AV bundle and AV node (40% of the time)
175
familial viral infection chronic consumption of alcohol toxins cancer drugs pregnancy cigarette smoking
causes of dilated cardiomyopathy
176
avg pulmonary capillary blood flow
70 ml
177
anterior (largest) posterior (smallest) and septal in right venticle; according to location of their bases off the walls of the ventricle
papillary muscles
178
delayed signaling betweent he SA and AV node
first degree heart block
179
MI location posterior
V1-V2, tall broad initial R wave, ST depression, tall upright T wave Artery: posterior descending
180
medical interventions for CHF
improve heart pumping ability control sodium intake diuretics devices
181
obstructive FEV FVC %
1.3 3.1 42%
182
cardiac disease but inability to perform physical activity without discomfort symptoms at rest
Class IV
183
volume of air normally exhaled/inhaled per breath
tidal volume
184
pulmonary sensors in the alveoli detect result
increasing fluid in lung tissues rapid shallow breathing
185
low urine output
oligurea
186
side effects of BP medication
orthostatic hypotension with activity drop in BP 20 mmHg SBP or 10 mmHg AND 10 mmHg DBP
187
Large superior openin int eh sunus venarum that brings poorly oxygenated blood from head and upper limbs
superior vena cava
188
Atypical SandS of IHD (often in women or people with diabetes
Indigestion LV dysfunction found on functional study Arrhythmia Syncope Silent
189
Beta 2 adrenergic
in brochiole smooth muscle
190
cardiac disease with slight limitation physical activity results in fatigue, palpitations, dyspnea and anginal pain
class II
191
cardiomyopathy that results from coronary artery disease
ishemic
192
Anterior interventricular (LAD) origin and distribution
Left coronary artery Right and left ventricles and IV septum
193
values for bicarbonate and carbonic acid return to normal
correction
194
Circumflex origin and distribution
left coronary artery Left atrium and ventricle
195
when you hear a clear 99
brochophony
196
treatment for renal insufficiency in CMD
lasix (diuretic) monitor electrolyte levels dialysis for severe cases
197
metabolic acidosis compensation
decrease PaCO2 through increasing respiration to blow of CO2
198
include bronchi and pulmonary arteries with pulmonary veins draining a segment near by can be surgically removed while leaving the rest of the lung intact
brochopulmonary segments
199
avg pulmonary blood flow
5000 ml/min
200
components of right ventricle
cusps of the tricuspid vlave papillary muscles chordae tendineae pulmonary valve
201
restrictive cardiomyopahty where and iron overload of the body, usually due to a genetic disease
hemochromatosis
202
Right coronary artery origin and distribution
right aortic sinus right atrium, SA and AV nodes, and posterior portion in IV septum
203
sternum and costal cartilages anteriorly ribs laterally vertebrae posteriorly open superiorly diaphragm froms the inferior wall
bony thorax
204
most common cause of CHF idiopathic in most cases most often in middle aged people more often men than women
dilated cardiomyopathy
205
quiet inspiration
diaphragm external intercostals
206
lung that contacts ribs, costal cartilage and sternum
costal surface
207
Posterior aspect of the heart largely fomed by the left atrium along with a narrow portion of the right atrium
Base
208
is an extra reflection of pleural membranes onto each other; it is inferior to each hilar region also provides a small amount of stability to lungs
pulmonary ligament
209
S&S with SPO2 85, PaO2 50
incoordination impaired judgment labored respirations confusion
210
Autonomic nervous system
parasympathetic sympathetic
211
respiratory acidosis renal compensation
conserve HCO3 ions and eliminate hydrogen ions
212
the maximum volume to which the lungs can be expanded sum of all the pulmonary volumes
total lung capacity (TLC)
213
why don't you want increased pressure in the pulmonary side of the heart
will affect the gas exchange rate
214
Artery to sinoatrial node origin and distribution
60% coronary artery SA node and pulmonary trunk
215
hypertension and exercise
avoid valsalva movements 4-7x/week 30-45 min 60-85% HR max RPE
216
lung that touches mediastinal structures including side of vertebral bodies
medastinal surface
217
what BP should you terminate exercise
\>250 \>115
218
MI location inferior
EKG: II, III, aVF artery: Right coronary
219
Artery to sinoatrial node origin and distribution
40% circumflex branch SA node and left atrium
220
lies next to posterior interventricular artery
middle cardiac vein
221
cardiomyopahty that is a disease of the heart muscle itself dilated hypertrophic restrictive
non ischemic
222
junction of rough pectinate muscle vs smooth interior of the sinus venarum superior end marks location of sinoatrial node
crista terminalis
223
in embryonic heart, directs blood from inferior vena cava through foramen ovale and into left atrium (also called eustachian valve)
Valave of inferior vena cava
224
most of the blood from coronary circulation returns to right atrium through either
coronary sinus or by a pair of small, anterior cardiac veins
225
most common cause of congestive heart failure
Cardiac muscle dysfunction
226
STEMI
ST elevation MI
227
Metabolic alkalosis
increased HCO3 because of loss oc chloride ions or excess ingestion of sodium bicarbonate (tums)
228
accumulation of blood in the pleural space
hemothorax
229
other causes of CMD
heart valve abnormalities spinal cord injury pericardial effusion
230
avg total ventilation
7500 ml/min
231
avg alveolar ventilation
5250 ml/min
232
unstable angina: when to notify physician
angina at rest typical angina occurs at lower exertion deterioration of previosly stable pattern physiological changes
233
pump handle
superior ribs
234
parasympathetic nervous system
vagus nerve thorax ans upper abdomen
235
primary inspiratory muscle
diaphragm
236
patients who awaken with orthopnea
relief with upright position prefer to sleep with pillows/HOB proped up
237
inappropriate for the hemocynamic load proper myocardial mitochondria function characterized by diastolic dysfunction increased LV diastolic pressure
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
238
Alpha 1 adrenergic
vascular smooth muscle, parasympathetic activity
239
the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled following a maximum inhalation
vital capacity (VC)
240
results form an abnormality of structure or function impairs the hearts ability to pump or recieve blood (exercise tolerance and functional abilities are mild/moderately reduced)
Cardiac muscle dysfunction
241
lung that touches convex dome to diaphragm
diaphragmatic surface
242
2 righ and 2 left pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood into the left atrium
pulmonary veins
243
direct continuation of great cardiac vein lies in posterior part of coronary sulcus and opens into right atrium
coronary sinus
244
the reduction in VO2 is seldom the result of _____________ but rather the result of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
decreased oxygen extraction decreased oxygen delivery
245
presence of signs or symptoms of inadequate blood supply to myocardium absent of demand
unstable angina
246
types of acute MI
transmural non transmural
247
musical sounds like the high pitched notes on a clarinet, are produced by constricted or partially obstructed airways. heard on inhale
wheezes
248
categories of cardiomyopathy
ischemic non ischemic
249
avg anatomic dead space
150 ml
250
q=
SV\*HR
251
pressures in pulmonary vein
PO2: 100 PCO2: 40
252
contains anterior, posterior and septal cusps
tricuspid valve
253
Left marginal origin and distribution (if present)
left circumflex left border of left ventricle
254
atelectasis treatment
breathing techinques spirometry airway clearance
255
an active process involving meolecular signals that produce altered cellular behavior as well as endothelial dysfunction and subsequent inflammatory response
atherosclerosis
256
stage 3 hypertension
\>180 \>110
257
Treatment of HTN
medications such as ACE inhibitors, CA2+ channel blockers, diruetics and beta blockers regular exercise
258
blood exits into the left venticle through the mitral valve
atrioventricular valve
259
control of motor neurons for respiration
respiratory center
260
coarse rattling sounds produced when the patient exhales. low pitched, these sounds occur when there is mucus in the brochi
Rhonchi
261
pressures in alveoli
PO2: 105 PCO2: 40
262
respiratory acidosis
increased PaCO2 because breathing is suppressed COPD, pulmonary edema
263
blood flow into the coronary arteries is greatest during
diastole
264
determinants of myocardial blood flow
diastolic bp resistance vasomotor tone LV end-diastolic pressure
265
in CHF this causes peripheral edema and limitation in diaphrgmatic descent
abdominal ascities
266
inspiration pressure
pressure in lungs decreases
267
location of sensors for control of pulmonary ventilation
brain, carotid and aorta alveoli joints and muscles
268
everts into the left atrium when the left ventricle contracts during systole although relatively common and often bening, it may produce chest pain, shortness of breath and cardiac arrhythmia
mitral valve prolapse
269
function of the annuli fibrosi
rigid attachment for myocardial fiber bundles and valves Seperates myocardial fibers of atria from those of ventricles
270
allows blood to exit the left ventricle past the 3 semilunar cusps of the valve leading to the ascending aorta
aortic valve
271
which hemidiaphragm has more resistance
right liver vs stomach
272
anterior, posterior and septal cusps of the atrioventricular valve
cusps of the tricuspid valve
273
number of cusps in right atrioventricular valve
3
274
components of the right atrium
Auricle crista terminalis fossa ovalis opening of coronary sinus valve of inferior vena cava superior vena cava inferior vena cava Right AV valve
275
pulmonary sensors in the brain, carotic and aorta detect result
carbon dioxide or oxygen levels in your blood increased/decreased rate of breathing
276
BP comes and goes, is all over the place when visiting doc over a time period
labile
277
restrictive FEV FVC %
2.8 3.1 90%
278
sites of coronary artery occlusion in order of frequency
anterior interventricular branch right coronary artery circumflex branch Left coronary artery posterior interventricular branch
