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Csm Materials&methods > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define building

A

A structure that can accommodate people

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2
Q

What kind of loads?

Live, occupancy, snow, rain, impact, dead, settlement, ground and water pressure

A

Static loads

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3
Q

Type of loads including wind and earthquake loads

A

Dynamic loads

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4
Q

Shell, or envelope, of a building

A

Enclosure system

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5
Q

Enclosure system of a building includes…

A

Roof, exterior walls, Windows, doors, and foundation

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6
Q

Interior finishes of a building (3)

A

Floors
Walls
Ceilings

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7
Q

MEP

A

Mechanical and electrical systems

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8
Q

4 types of MEP/ building systems

A

HVAC (heating, ventilation, and AC)
plumbing
Fire protection
Electrical

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9
Q

why is the design of a building divided into distinct stages?

A

so the owner can review the progress at milestone points along the way

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10
Q

who is responsible for coming up with the specifications of the design?

A

the architect or engineer

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11
Q

what is the master format and who is it developed by?

A

a numbering system for the organization of construction materials and systems
developed by Construction Specifications Institute (CSI) and Construction Specifications Canada (CSC)

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12
Q

how many major divisions would we expect to see on a MasterFormat?

A

50

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13
Q

technical trade sections (specifications) follow which format?

A

CSI format

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14
Q

4 things required under the technical trade sections (CSI format)

A
  • type of materials required
  • their required performance
  • method that must be used to obtain the specific result
  • contractors price the content based on the methods required
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15
Q

3 parts of the Technical Trade Format

A

part 1- general
part 2- products
part 3- execution

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16
Q

RFI

A

request for information

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17
Q

project delivery methods (4)

A

design-bid-build
design/ build
construction management at risk
construction management for fee

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18
Q

…. loads are permanent, while ….. loads change over time.

A
  • dead

- live

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19
Q

2 types of foundation settlement

A

uniform settlement

differential settlement

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20
Q

uniform settlement

A

may disrupt building service entrances or site elements at the building/ site interface

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21
Q

differential settlement

A

may cause damage to finishes, cladding, columns, loadbearing walls, and other components where building becomes distorted
** most foundation failures b/c different loadbearing capacities may be existing in different parts of the building

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22
Q

soil types (5) in order of particle size (lrg-sm)

A 
rock
gravel
sand
silt
clay
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23
Q

soils not suitable to support a building’s foundation

A

peat, topsoil, and other organic soils

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24
Q

well graded soil

A

wide distribution of particle sizes

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25
Q

well sorted soil

A

limited range of particle sizes

more void space, more free draining

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26
Q

strong soil

A

generally, the larger the particle size, the stronger the soil

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27
Q

moisture sensitivity of good soils

A

coarse-grained soils are less sensitive to moisture content (more stable)

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28
Q

geotechnical reports describe soils and properties derived from… (3)

A
  • test pit samples
  • boring samples
  • laboratory testing
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29
Q

actual strength of a soil depends on (3) factors

A
  • presence/ absence of water
  • depth of the soil beneath the surface
  • size of the foundation that applies the load to the soil
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30
Q

one of the most important properties of a soil derived from laboratory tests is…

A

soil’s bearing capacity in psf (lbs per sqr ft) or ksf (kips per sqr ft)

31
Q

soil’s bearing capacity

A

determines maximum load that can be placed on each square foot of the soil before it fails structurally or has an unacceptable amount of settlement

32
Q

3 bracing methods

A

crosslot bracing
rakers
tiebacks

33
Q

why are rakers and crosslot bracing difficult in the excavation process?

A

removing the earth between braces is much less efficient and more costly than removing soil with a shovel dozer or backhoe in open excavation

34
Q

dewatering

A

foundation construction must be performed in the dry, water-free environment

35
Q

3 dewatering methods

A

sumps** most common
pumping with well points
watertight barrier

36
Q
  • vertical pieces of pipes with screened openings to allow water to enter
  • driven into the soil
  • connected with horizontal header pipes
A

pumping with well points

37
Q

a watertight barrier only works if…

A

it reached into a stratum of impermeable soil such as the clay that lies beneath the water table

38
Q

this is used as an alternative to well points due to adverse affects such as consolidation and settling of foundations of nearby buildings

A

watertight barrier

39
Q

what is the goal in choosing a contract type

A

to purchase the actual construction service for the lowest price possible without creating undue risk for the owner

40
Q

3 major contract types

A

lump sum
unit price
cost plus fee

41
Q

sequential construction

A

each major phase begins after the preceding phase is complete
design is completed before construction begins

42
Q

phased construction

A

design and construction phases overlap
aim is to reduce total project duration (fast-tracking?)
most suited for design-build and construction management project delivery, where construction expertise is available during design stages

43
Q
  • provides an easy to understand picture of a project schedule and relationship between the phases
  • represents project tasks or phases on a horizontal timeline
A

Gantt Charts

44
Q

designers are responsible for which 2 construction documents?

A

graphic construction drawings

and written specifications

45
Q

construction team

A

general contractor, subcontractors, and suppliers

46
Q

role of construction professionals

A

build designed buildings

47
Q

building construction is the science that…

A

researches techniques of assembling construction materials

(it is the process of constructing what you have designed

48
Q

2 methods to determine soil and water conditions beneath the excavation site

A

Test pits

Test borings

49
Q

Slope support is achieved in 3 forms…

A

Soldier beams and lagging
Sheet piling
Slurry walls

50
Q

(3) primary factors is choosing a foundation type

A
  • subsurface soil and groundwater conditions

- structural requirements, including foundation loads, building configurations and depth

51
Q

cantilevered or strap footing

A

consists of a column footing connected by a tie beam to another footing in order to balance an asymmetrically imposed load.

52
Q

Sloped or benched excavation vs sheeted excavation

A

Sloped/ benched is cheaper but requires a site without nearby properties or other limits on excavation

53
Q

Where do shallow footings occur?

A

Close to the bottom of the substructure

54
Q

Sumps

A

Pump water from pits (sumps) in the excavation

55
Q

What type of foundation would you choose for soil with a low bearing capacity relative to building loads?

A

Mat foundation

56
Q

Type of foundation that is heavily reinforced for very tall buildings and can be 6 feet or more in thickness

A

Mat foundation

57
Q

Raft foundations

A

The weight of the soil excavated from the ground is equal to the weight of the entire building so that the pressure on the soil is unchanged from the original condition, making the building float on the soil

58
Q

where do we use deep foundations?

A

soils directly below the building substructure are weak/ unstable
we use deep foundations to transmit building loads to deeper, more competent soils

59
Q

4 types of deep foundations

A

piers (caisssons)
socketed caisson
end bearing pile
friction pile

60
Q

piers (caissons)

A

drilled into earth with the steel reinforcement lowered in the drilled hole first, then the concrete will be poured
diameter ranges from 18 in to 12 ft

61
Q

piles materials

A

steel, timber, sitecast, or precast concrete

62
Q

when are belled caissons practical?

A

only where the bell can be excavated in a cohesive soil that will retain its shape at least until concrete is poured

63
Q

difference between belled caissons and socketed caissons (piers)

A

socketed caissons are drilled into the rock at the bottom, rather than belled

64
Q

where does bearing capacity come from in socketed caissons?

A

not only from its end bearing, but also the friction between the caisson sides and the rock

65
Q

tool used to drill holes in the soil

A

augur (with carbide-tipped teeth)

66
Q

how is the structural member to be supported by piers (caissons)

A

reinforcing dowels or steel anchor bolts attached to the top of the piers

67
Q

what else happens as the caisson hole fills with concrete?

A

withdrawing of the casing

68
Q

difference between pier and pile

A

piles are driven into the earth (rather than drilled and poured)

69
Q

if a pile is driven until its tip encounters firm resistance rock, dense sands, or gravels, it is an…

A

end bearing pile

70
Q

piles that are driven only into softer material without encountering a firm bearing layer

A

friction piles (still develop a considerable load-bearing capacity through frictional resistance)

71
Q

pile cap

A

joins the cluster of piles with reinforced concrete, which helps distribute the load equally among piles

72
Q

what connects pile caps?

A

reinforced concrete grade beams

73
Q

where are grade beams used?

A

where piles are used to support load bearing walls- there are constructed between the pile caps to transmit the wall loads to the piles

74
Q

2 forms of steel piles

A

H piles

pipe piles

Csm Materials&methods (2 decks)

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