TEST 1 Flashcards
The counselor should expect many years of study, training, and experience in the field to integrate various theories into a _________.
personal synthesis
The acceptance of personal responsibility does not imply that we can be anything that we want. ________, ________, __________ and ________ realities oftentimes limit our freedom of choice. (SCEB)
Social, environmental, cultural, and biological
Therapy is not exclusively for the sick, and is not aimed at curing psychological ailments, but instread provides a comprehensive approach in which the counselor goes beyond focusing on internal dynamics and addresses the ____________________________.
environmental and systemic realities that influence them.
Effective therapists can facilitate healing through a process of genuine ______.
dialogue
To be an effective therapist, a wide range of knowledge is required, both ______ and _______.
theoretical and practical
A good therapist requires human qualities of _____________ (6), they are more like technicians.
CCGFRS
compassion, caring, good faith, honesty, realness, and sensitivity
It should be impossible to separate the techniques you use from your ______ and the relationship you have with your clients.
personality
Usage of one model is in fact dangerous as it ______________.
limits a therapists’ effectiveness
A good therapist should use ________ ________ at various times during the course of an individuals therapy.
different interventions
An effective therapy is collaborative between the __________ and the ______.
counselor and the client.
Clients place more value on the _______ of the therapist rather than on the specific techniques used in therapy
personality
When working with future clients, various models and theories should be integrated. Why?
being set on one model limits effectiveness.
Corey begins with a _______ of the theory chapters, then moves into more specific details of each orientation.
broad overview
What are the experimental and relationship-oriented therapies?
Existential, Person-center, Gestalt
What are the action therapies? RCbB Reb
Reality therapy, Behavior therapy, Rational emotive behavior therapy, Cognitive (CBT) therapy
This model stresses building therapy on the basic conditions of human existence, such as choice, the freedom and responsibility to shapes one’s life, and self-determination. It focuses on the quality of the person-to-person therapeutic relationship.
Existential
________ therapy gives a primary role to thinking as it influences behavior.
Cognitive behavior therapy
this approach applies the principles of learning to the resolution of specific behavioral problems.
behavior therapy
An experimental therapy stressing awareness and integration; it grew as a reaction against analytic therapy. It integrates the functioning of body and mind.
gestalt therapy
This approach was developed during the 1940s as a non-directive reaction against psychoanalysis. Based on a subjective view of human experiencing, it places faith in and gives responsibility to the client in dealing with problems and concerns.
person-centered therapy
A highly didactic, cognitive, action-oriented model of therapy that stresses the role of thinking and belief systems as the root of personal problems.
rational emotive behavior therapy
This short-term approach is based on choice theory and focuses on the client assuming responsibility in the present. Through the therapeutic process, the client is able to learn more effective ways of meeting her or his needs.
Reality therapy
Another term for cognitive behavioral approaches is ____
action therapies
Which approach is rooted in a humanistic philosophy that emphases the basic attitude of the therapist as the core of the therapeutic process?
Person-centered (Karl Rogers, the genuine-ness of the therapist)
What are the common factors and their effectiveness of therapy?
40% Extratherapeutic factors
30% Therapeutic relationship
15% Therapeutic methods
15% Placebo Effect
The Contextual or common factors include:
- the therapeutic alliance
- the personal and
interpersonal skills of the therapist - client agency
- extra-therapeutic factors
Regarding psychotherapy treatment, outcome research suggests the _______ and the _______ are both an essential component of effective treatment, and both the therapeutic methods and the therapeutic relationship make contributions to treatment outcomes.
therapist as a person and the therapeutic relationship
To be an effective counselor, It is important to remember to be willing to ___________ rather than thinking _________.
strive to be a better person, rather than thinking that a therapist has already obtained all of the wanted traits.
Clients place more value on the __________ than the specific techniques.
personality of the therapist
There are many traits that make a good counselor, but it is important to notice that most of them are about maintaining balance, and they do not imply that a counselor ________________.
no longer has to cope with personal problems.
Effective therapists make choices that are _________.
life oriented. (feel alive, aware of early decisions they made about themselves, others and the world. they are not the victims of these choices, and they are willing to revise them if necessary. They are committed to living fully rather than settling for mere existence.)
Effective Therapists have a good __________.
sense of humor. (which includes laughing at self, they are able to put the events of life in perspective, have not forgotten how to laugh, especially at their own foibles and contradictions).
Effective therapists make mistakes and _____________.
and are willing to admit their mistakes. (they do not dismiss their errors lightly, yet they do not choose to dwell on them, either.
Benefits of personal therapy include:
- Gain a sense of what it is like to be a client
- Help you understand your needs and motivations for choosing the profession of psychology
- To work through your personal conflicts and heal your own psychological wounds
- The main reason given in the text is to learn to deal with countertransference
Generally, a counselor’s values enter the therapeutic process because humans are not value-free. However, it is important for counselors to maintain objectivity and not impose their own _______ though they may _______.
values, though they may expose their values.
It is important to inform potential clients of those values that will certainly influence the counselor’s ______.
intervention with them
It is NOT a counselor’s job to get the clients to conform to _________.
the counselor’s beliefs
A counselor should NOT strive to be _______ in therapy because they may immobilize him/herself
value-free
A counselor should provide a climate in which clients can examine personal thoughts, feelings, and actions to eventually arrive at solutions that the _____________.
client considers are best for the client
A counselor should help clients assess behavior(s) and move ________.
closer to their goals
A counselor should teach clients how to deal with their problems and _____________.
find their own solutions based on client’s values.
A counselor communicates values through his/her __________.
therapeutic orientation
Counselors should avoid _______ their values, but they are likely to expose their values to clients
imposing
___________ refers to counselors directly attempting to define a client’s value’s, attitudes, beliefs and behaviors (either actively or passively)
Value imposition
The outcome of treatment, the general assessment and the overall goals of therapy can all be affected by the __________.
therapists’ own values.
Ethical practice states that if a counselor intends on directing the client toward his or her goals, the client must be informed of those values that influence the intervention. This is to develop _______.
mutually established goals
If a adolescent female client informs you that she is pregnant and is considering an abortion and her values might interfere with your objectivity, ethical practice is suggests:
a. refer
b. help her clarify the range of her choices in light of her own values
Effective counselors are not culturally encapsulated counselors, which means ______.
those who depend entirely on their own internalized value assumptions about what is good for people. (They leave their own biased roles behind to become a more authentic and real individual)
Essential components of effective multicultural counseling include:
i. Counselors feel comfortable with their clients’ values and beliefs.
ii. Counselors are aware of how their own biases could affect ethnic minority clients.
iii. Counselors employ institutional intervention skills on behalf of their clients when necessary.
Sue, Arredondo, & McDavid’s (1992) developed _________.
conceptual framework for competencies and standards in multicultural counseling.
The three steps for sue, Arrendondo, and McDavid’s conceptual framework for competencies and standards in multicultural counseling are _________.
- beliefs and attitudes
- knowledge
- skills and intervention strategies.
It is important to help clients to clarify the _________________.
range of their choices in light of their own values.
Practicing from a ___________ is believed to make the job of counseling easier and can be rewarding for both the client and counselor
multicultural perspective
An authentic counselor is someone who is willing to shed _______ and being a real person.
stereotyped roles
It is not realistic for counselors to no longer have to cope with ________. We need to be honest about our limitations.
personal problems
According to Cory, you should develop your own concept of what ________ you think are essential to strive for to promote your own personal growth.
personality traits
Counselors have personal needs and should be aware of how those personal needs could _____________.
interfere with helping clients
With ethical decision making, counselors ultimately need to apply the ethics code to practice problems which generally do not have prescribed answers, this is because many professional organizations provide only _________ for responsible practice.
broad guidelines
With ethical decision making, the goal is to interpret and apply _________________.
ethical codes to an ethical dilemma.
Different practitioners make a variety of decisions regarding _________.
ethical issues
Informed consent includes:
- general goals of therapy; 2. responsibilities of counselor toward client;
- responsibilities of client;
- limitations of and exceptions of confidentiality; 5. legal and ethical parameters that could define the relationship;
- qualifications and background of counselor;
- fees involved;
- approximate duration of services; and
- services client can expect
When giving informed consent, counselors are challenged to strike a balance between _____________.
giving clients too much information and giving them too little
Dimensions of Confidentiality
It is central to developing _____ in the therapeutic relationship
trust
Informed consent is an _________ requirement and an integral part of the therapeutic process
ethical (Confidentiality) and legal (Privileged communication)
Counselors are ethically responsible to discuss the nature and purpose of confidentiality with clients __________.
early in the counseling process
Clients have a right to know that their therapist may be discussing certain details of the relationship with a _________.
supervisor or colleague
Confidentiality is regulated by professional judgment, it must be breached and information must be reported when:
- Clients pose a danger to themselves or to others
- A child under the age of 16 is the victim of incest, rape, or child abuse
- Information is made an issue in a court action
- The therapist determines that the client needs hospitalization
Privileged communication feeds into confidentiality; it refers to a ___________.
confidential statement made in the individual therapeutic setting.
Therapists must break confidentiality when:
- Clients might do serious harm to either themselves or others
- Child abuse
- Abuse of the elderly or dependent adults
- Therapist believes a client under the age of 16 is the victim of incest, rape, child abuse, or some other crime
- client needs hospitalization
- Information is made an issue in a court action
- Clients request that their records be released to themselves or a third party
Generally, it is a counselor’s primary obligation to protect client disclosures and remember to tell them _________.
limits of confidentiality
Feminist and Postmodern approaches say diagnosis is oppressive, based on a __________, and ignore societal contexts
white, male-centered culture
_______ consists of evaluating the relevant factors in a client’s life to identify themes for further exploration in the counseling process.
assessment
Assessment is part of the process that leads to _____.
diagnosis
__________ consists of identifying a specific mental disorder based on a pattern of symptoms.
diagnosis
The integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of patient characteristics, culture, and preferences.
Evidence-based Practice
___________, either sexual or nonsexual, occur when counselors assume two or more roles simultaneously or sequentially with a client.
dual or multiple relationships
Generally, the professional organizations advice against forming _________ because of the potential misuse of power, exploiting the client, and impaired objectivity.
dual and multiple relationships
In order to minimize risk, you can set healthy boundaries early in the therapeutic relationship. How can you do this?
- Give informed consent,
2. consult with the client throughout the process, and 3.document discussions
Another way to minimize risk is to consult with __________ as one way to maintain objectivity, identify unanticipated difficulties, ethical issues and health symptoms with clients.
fellow professionals
Work ___________ when dual relationships are potentially problematic or the risk for harm is high.
under a supervisor
Another way to minimize risk is to self-_______.
monitor
