Test 1 Flashcards
What does health promotion focus on and include?
Focused on health rather than illness
Includes understanding health is multidimensional
Includes understanding health can also be affected by factors outside of the person’s control
What was the transformation of the US health care system?
From a disease focused healthcare system to one focused on wellness, health promotion, and disease prevention
What is health?
State of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing; is not merely an absence of disease
What is wellness?
Positive state of health that is continually changing
What is disease?
Functional or structural disturbance
What is illness?
Physical manifestations and subjective experiences
Describe the scope of health promotion?
Behaviors that promote optimal health across the lifespan. Includes individual, family, community, population, environment
What are the three categories of health promotion?
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Tertiary Prevention
What is primary prevention?
Preventing. Optimize health to prevent illness
What is secondary prevention?
Screening, identify early stage of illness to initiate treatment
What is tertiary prevention?
Disease management, prevent complications, and minimize disability
When do you apply the concept of health promotion?
Following an assessment. The assessment provides the basis for establishing a health promotion plan
- individual assessment
- family assessment
- community assessment
What is included in an individual assessment?
Age, health status, presence of risk factors, health preferences and values, and social relationships
What is included in a family assessment?
Risk factors, family strengths, relationships among family members, and genetics
What is included in a community assessment?
Structure of community, community census, population demographics, mortality statistics, community resources
What are the 5 health promotion interventions?
Education Immunization (cdc) Screenings (there is a task force us prevents services task force) Physical activity Pharmacological agents -drugs used for smoking cessation -drugs used for weight loss
Grade A US preventive services task force
Strongly recommends, high certainty that the net benefit is substantial
Grade B Us preventive services task force
Recommends, high certainty that net benefit is moderate or there is moderate certainty that net benefit is moderate to substantial
Grade C
No recommendations for or against, there are considerations that support providing interventions for an individual patient but not for general population. There is moderate certainty that the net benefit is small
Grade D
There is moderate to high certainty that the intervention has no net benefit or that the harm outweighs the benefits
What is the ANA code of ethics provision 5?
Duty to self and others
Promotion of personal health, safety, and wellbeing
Preservation of wholeness character
Preservation of integrity
What are the five stages of change?
Precontemplation- I can’t or I won’t
Contemplation-both good reasons for and against change
Preparation- want to but…
Action- doing it
Maintenance/relapse- now a habit or risk of lapse
Describe contemplation
Cons of changing help the nurse to understand the person and their mind set. Pros of changing what will the person get out of quitting?
What is the scope of motivation?
Intrinsically motivated and extrinsic ally motivated
What is motivation?
The art of getting people to do what you want them to do because they want to do it.
Define the concept of communication
Is a process of interaction between people in which symbols are used to create, exchange, and interpret messages about ideas, emotions, and mind states.
Single biggest problem in health care
Why is effective interpersonal communication between the nurse and patient most important?
To improve satisfaction, compliance, and health outcomes
Communication is a contributing factor in 70% healthcare mistakes
What are the IOM quality domains?
Safe Effective Patient centered Timely Efficient Equitable
What is the safe domain?
Avoiding harm to patients from the care that is intended to help them
What is the effective domain?
Providing services based on scientific knowledge to all who could benefit and refrain from providing services services to those who will not benefit
What are patient centered domains?
Providing care that is respectful of and responsive to individual patient preferences, needs, and values and ensuring that patient values guide all clinical decisions
What is the timely domain?
Reducing waits and sometimes harmful delays for both who receive and those who give care
What is the efficient domain?
Avoiding waste, including waste of equipment, supplies, ideas, and energy
What is the equitable domain?
Providing care that does not vary in quality because of personal characteristics such as gender, ethnicity, geographical location, and socioeconomic status
What is the scope of communication?
The scope ranges from effective communication to ineffective communication to absence of communication. There really isn’t such a thing as no communication
What is linguistic communication?
Spoken words or written symbols. Can enhance communication using general terms. Can hinder communication using medical terminology
What is paralinguistic?
Nonverbal messages. You can enhance communication using positive body language and can hinder it by crossing your arms
What is metacommunication?
Context messages. Can enhance communication with trust and can hinder it with distrust
What does nonverbal communication convey?
Messages without words and is under less conscious control than verbal statements. When a persons words and behavior are incongruent, nonverbal behavior most likely reflects the persons true feelings.
What is complementary exchange?
Each participant is either a sender or a receiver. Each transmission is completed, the receiver perceives the message, interprets the symbols, and responds using symbols
Context (metacommunication)
Context is important to the quality of the meaning derived by participants during the process of complementary exchange Characteristics of environment Internal mood states Mental and physical conditions Experiences and education Culture Relationship between participants
Communication is a learned skill
It takes time
Unique communication patterns within the healthcare environment
Medical terminology, health care culture, communicating with patients, envoy vine mechanisms for communication
What is communication competence?
Means that communication by the nurse is effective and appropriate
What does communication competence includes?
Skills for communicating clearly and accurately with the patient and family, other nurses, and other members of the Heath care team
How does communication competence evolve?
With experience and professional development throughout a nursing career
What is health promotion?
Process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health
How many medical errors occur each year?
98,000 medical errors occur each year in the US that lead to patient injury or death
What is SBAR?
Situation, background, Assessment, and Recommendation. It is used for communication
When using SBAR, the nurse will do what?
Describe the situation
Explain the background information relevant to the situation
Provide an assessment
Provide a recommendation for action
What is the purpose of an electronic medical record?
- Accurate and timely documentation in the patient record
- Important source of information and a major means of communication between members of the team
- Legal Document
- Evidence of providers actions
What does advocacy mean?
- Speaking up for the patient to ensure that health care needs are met and is an expectation within the scope of professional nursing practice
- The ability to speak assertively, credibly, and authoritatively is a high valued communication skill critical for effective advocacy
What is assertiveness?
It is the key to successful relationships for the clients, family, nurse, and other colleagues. It is the ability to express your thoughts, ideas, and your feelings without undue anxiety without any expense to others.
Give examples of being aggressive.
Loud, forceful, confrontational, out of proportion
Give examples of being assertive.
Clear, respectful, confident, comfortable, and active
Give examples of nonassertive.
Disregard, lacking, and passive
What are the assertive rights (10)?
- to be treated with respect
- to a reasonable workload
- to an equitable wage
- to determine your own priorities
- to ask for what you want
- to refuse without making excuses or feeling guilty
- to make mistakes and be responsible for them
- to give and receive information as a professional
- to act in the best interest of the patient
- to be human