Test 1 Flashcards
Describe the differences of nursing from pre-civilization to 1950s(current).
Pre-civiliz – animism. Disease by sinning, spiritual.
Civil-temples were medical centers. Priests were doctors as nurses were there slaves.
16th to 17th century – warfare over Road religion. Increased knowledge, decrease nurses resulted in disrespected nursing as they were prisoners and required (female).
18th to 19th-hospitals were forming nursing schools. Male dominance. Increased respect for nursing, methods modernized in nursing education.
World War II era – massive knowledge explosion for medical technology. RNs more assertive, nurse role increased, upgraded education.
1950s to current – “profession” discovered, evidence-based care, nursing research, ANA began.
What are the aims of nursing?
Promote health, prevent illness, restore health, facilitate coping with a disability or death.
Define the first major concept, nursing roles.
Nursing role –
provider of care: Process is used for assessment, analysis, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation.
Manager of care: collaborative member, keeping patients Bill of Rights.
Disciplined member: legally accountable both for delegated and personal actions. Follows the SC code of law nurse practicing act, ANA both standards and ethics.
What are the three major concepts and eight sub concepts of the philosophy of the program?
Major: nursing role, nursing process, and human response.
Sub concept: competence, caring, critical thinking, diversity, communication, health promotion, collaboration, and professionalism.
What are the three major concepts and eight sub concepts of the philosophy of the program?
Major: nursing role, nursing process, and human response.
Sub concept: competence, caring, critical thinking, diversity, communication, health promotion, collaboration, and professionalism.
Describe the efforts of success of Florence Nightingale and Clara Barton.
1800 – Florence realized in Crimea through the disgust of the injureds care. She substantiated nursing as an art and science. Evaluated the difference between nursing and medicine. Created hospital standards and increased RNs respect, develop the first school. Differentiated health and illness, the importance of nutrition, and occupational versus recreational.
Clara work in Civil War time and founded the Red Cross.
Defined the second major concept in philosophy of nursing.
Nursing process: organized critical thinking to assess human response, plan care, deliver therapeutic intervention, and evaluate outcome.
Explain third major concepts in nursing philosophy.
Human response: individual response to any stimuli resulting in changed via physiological psychological emotional or spiritual that is influenced by diversity.
Briefly explain the eight sub concepts of nursing philosophy.
Competence – obtaining the skills to provide quality patient care while reducing risk and following regulations.
Caring – consideration of all patient needs and their family.
Critical thinking – thought out process for making a decision.
Diversity – individuality respect
Communication – respectful interaction for and with a patient and their family.
Health promotion – teaching and upholding health maintenance information.
Collaboration – partnering with other healthcare professionals to increase patient care.
Professionalism – nursing knowledge, behavior, and attitude based on ethics, integrity and respect.
What is exacerbation?
Period of chronic illness when the symptoms of a disease reappear
What is health disparity?
Specific difference that is closely linked to social, economic, and environmental disadvantage.
What is holistic care?
Health care that takes into account the whole person interacting in the environment.
What is morbidity versus mortality?
Morbidity is frequency that disease occurs. Mortality is the number of death.
What is dunns model of the human dimensions?
Encourages nurse to care for the total person including all six interdependent parts because it composes the whole person: intellectual, environmental, spiritual, socio-culture, and emotional, physical.
Name the four stages of illness behavior.
Stage one: experiencing symptoms
Stage two: assuming the sick role. (Taking meds at home, making appointment and going to the doctor.)
Stage III: assuming a dependent role. (except diagnosis and follow prescribed treatment plan. He knowledge of the disease, being admitted.)
Stage four: achieving recovery and rehabilitation
What is self-concept?
How the patient feels about themselves and the way they perceive their physical self
What are the six major areas of risk factors? (Illness)
Age, genetic factors, physiologic factors, health habits, lifestyle, and environment.
What are the three levels of health promotion and preventive care of nursing?
Primary (Weight loss, seatbelts, immunizations)
Secondary:(Screenings, Pap smears, family counseling.)
Tertiary: medication, rehab, therapy, job training
What is the health belief model? And the three components of the individuals perceptions of threat of a disease?
What people perceive or believe to be true about themselves in relation to their health.
One – perceived susceptibility to disease
Two – perceived seriousness of the disease
Three – perceived benefits of action
What are the other three health models?
Health promotion model – illustrate how people interact with their environment as they pursue health.
The health illness continuum- conceptualizing a person’s level of health
Agent host environment model – interaction between and external agent a susceptible host and the environment as causes of a disease in a person.
What is Ericksons developmental theory, and four major organizing concepts?
Theory expanded from freuds work (instinctual human drives on behavior, libido) to include cultural and social influences in addition to biological processes.
Stages of development
Developmental goals or tasks
Psychosocial crisis
The process of coping
What are the eight distinct stages of Eric Erickson’s theory of psychosocial development? Give a brief description.
- Trust vs mistrust (infancy):Learning to rely on caregiver versus in adequate care.
- Autonomy vs shame and doubt (toddler):
Learn independence through encouragement vs over expectations giving inadequacy. - Initiative vs guilt (preschool):
Learning and actively seeking new experiences vs hesitating challenging skills - Industry vs inferiority (school aged kids):
Pleasure from finishing projects and accomplishment versus non-accepted feelings, lack of self-worth - Identity vs role confusion (adolescents):
Physical changes occur and can become rebellious while acquiring sense of self versus unable to establish identity. - Intimacy vs isolation (young adult hood):
Unite self identity with friends versus fear of commitment, isolation - Generativity vs stagnation (middle adulthood):
Involvement with family, desire to reproduce vs self absorbed, regressing to earlier coping methods. - Ego integrity vs despair (later adulthood):
Sense of fulfillment and purpose versus despair from a life of failure
What consist of the extended family?
Nuclear family and other related people
What is love and belonging needs definition?
Understanding and acceptance of others and giving and receiving love
What Consist of the nuclear family?
Family unit, family of marriage, parenthood, or procreation, and their immediate children.
What are physiologic needs vs Basic human needs?
Oxygen, food, water, temperature, elimination, sexuality, activity, and rest: these needs have the highest priority and are essential for survival.
Something essential to health and survival; common to all people
What are self actualization needs?
Highest level on the hierarchy of needs. Include the need for individuals to reach their full potential through development and unique capabilities.
What are the five levels of Maslow’s hierarchy of basic Human needs?
(beginning with most basic)
Level one: physiologic needs (
Level two: safety and security needs
Three: love and belonging needs
Level four: self-esteem needs
Level five: self actualization needs
What is cultural assimilation?
My Nordie group living with dominant group loses cultural characteristics
What is cultural conflict?
People becoming threatened by cultural difference responding by ridiculing to feel more secure of their own values.
What is ethnocentrism?
Belief that one’s own practices are superior and the norm.
Define the following terms: Absorption ampule distribution excretion
Process of when drugs are transferred from site of entry to bloodstream.
Glass flask containing single dose of meds for parenteral administration.
Movement of drugs by circulatory system to site of action.
Removal of a drug from the body.
Define the following effects: Adverse drug effects antagonist effect cumulative effect idiosyncratic effect synergistic effect toxic effect
Adverse: undesirable effects other than intended of the drug
Allerg: immune system response after interpreting administer drugs as foreign, forms antibodies against drug.
Antag: combined effect of two or more drugs that produces less than the effect of each drug alone.
Cum: condition that occurs when body cannot metabolize drugs before additional doses are administered.
Idio: response different from expected outcome, unusual unexpected
Syn: combined effect of two or more drugs that is greater than the effect of each drug alone.
Tox: specific groups of symptoms related to drug therapy that carry risk for permanent damage or death.
Define Pharmacodynamic,
pharmacokinetics, and pharmacotherapeudics.
Drug alters cell physiology and affect the body.
Movement of drug molecules in the body in relation to drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
Dynamic that achieves the desired therapeutic effect of the drive without causing other under Sarabel affect
