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Lower Limb Anatomy > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Calcaneus : plantar surface -Calcaneal tuberosity

A
  • Posterior limit of plantar surface
  • Middle depression
  • prolonged into a lateral process (small but prominent) and a medial process
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2
Q

Tarsal Bones Plantar Surface

A
  • Aka Inferior surface
  • Aka Distal surface (for bones in proximal row only)
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3
Q

The calcaneal sulcus combine with ______ to form the tarsal sinus and tarsal canal?

A

Deep groove on plantar surface of talus -Part of dorsal anterior surface

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4
Q

Calcaneus : Dorsal surface -Tarsal Sinus is located _____

A

-Lateral end of the tarsal canal -Part of dorsal anterior surface

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5
Q

Calcaneus : Anterior surface what does it articulate with?

A

cuboid

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6
Q

Calcaneus : Anterior surface - What is attached here?

A

-plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament - attaches to medial margin

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7
Q

Tarsal Bones Dorsal Surface

A
  • Aka Superior surface
  • Aka proximal surface (for bones in proximal row only)
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8
Q

Calcaneus : plantar surface -Calcaneal tuberosity–> Medial process

A

• Medial process (posteromedial tubercle)

  • broader and larger than lateral
  • 7 attachments
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9
Q

Calcaneus : Posterior surface

A
  • Forms prominence of the heel
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10
Q

Calcaneus : Dorsal surface Anterior length

A

1/3 calc length

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11
Q

Calcaneus : Posterior surface -three areas are separated by?

A

separated by two horizontal lines: -superior & inferior

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12
Q

Cuboid

Key Features

A
  • Anterior surface has two facets (for fourth, fifth metatarsal)
  • Posteromedial surface has a “beak” or coronoid process
  • Medial surface has a facet (for lateral cuneiform)
  • Plantar surface has a distinctive peroneal ridge and groove for tendon of peroneus longus.
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13
Q

Calcaneus: Dorsal surface - Side-to-side

A

Convex

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14
Q

Tarsal Bones - Proximal row

A

talus and calcaneus

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15
Q

Calcaneus - Width/height/length ratio

A

Width/ height are 50% of the length 1:1:2

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16
Q

Calcaneus : Dorsal surface - Posterior length

A

1/3 of calc length

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17
Q

Calcaneus : Posterior surface - Superior area

A
  • Smooth -Covered by a bursa that lies deep to tendo calcaneus
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18
Q
A
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19
Q

Calcaneus : plantar surface -Calcaneal tuberosity–> Medial process–> 7 attachments

A

o “M” Medial head of quadratus plantae

o “L” Long plantar ligament

o “A” Abductor digiti quinti

o “P” Plantar aponeurosis “M (medial) – LAP”

o Abductor hallucis

o Flexor retinaculum

o Flexor digitorum brevis

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20
Q

Calcaneus : Posterior surface -middle area

A

-roughened for attachment of tendo calcaneus and plantaris

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21
Q

First metatarsal

Key Features

A
  • Plantar surface is concave.
  • Posterior surface has a kidney shaped facet (for first cuneiform) with “hilum” directed laterally.
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22
Q

Calcaneus : plantar surface -Calcaneal tuberosity–> middle depression

A
  • Between lateral and medial processes
  • 2 attachments

o “L” Long plantar ligament

o “A” Abductor digiti quinti

“LAs” in between

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23
Q

Calcaneus : Dorsal surface -Calcaneal sulcus

A

-Part of dorsal anterior surface -Deep depression -Between middle and posterior facets

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24
Q

how are the tendo calcaneus and plantaris attached to the middle of the posterior surface of the calcaneus?

A

-sometimes the plantaris attaches medially to the tendo calcaneus while other times they attach together.

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25
Q

Tarsal Bones Posterior surface

A
  • Proximal surface (with exception of proximal row)
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26
Q

Second metatarsal*

Key Features

A
  • Posterior surface of base is triangular.
  • Medial surface of base has a small oval facet (for second cuneiform).
  • Lateral surface has two demarcates (hemifacets) vertically oriented.
  • Two anterior demarcates for third metatarsal.
  • Two posterior demarcates for third cuneiform.

*Holding metatarsals vertically (with bases down) reveals that bases slant down and toward the side of the foot they come from.

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27
Q

Fourth metatarsal*

Key Features

A
  • Posterior surface of base is quadrilateral
  • Medial surface, near base, has a dorsomedial facet with two surfaces (for third metatarsal and third cuneiform).
  • Lateral surface has an oval facet (for fifth metatarsal).

*Holding metatarsals vertically (with bases down) reveals that bases slant down and toward the side of the foot they come from.

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28
Q

Calcaneus : Dorsal surface - Tarsal Canal–> continuous with?

A

the tarsal sinus

29
Q

Calcaneus : Dorsal surface - Tarsal Canal–> Directed?

A

anterolaterally

30
Q

Tarsal Bones Anterior Surface

A
  • Distal surface (with exception of proximal row)
31
Q

Tarsal Bones - Distal row

A

cuboid, 3 cuneiform bones (medial, lateral, and intermediate)

32
Q

Calcaneus : Dorsal surface - Posterior description

A
  • Smooth
  • nonarticular
  • numerous vascular foramina
  • two ligament attachments
33
Q

Tarsal Bones Between proximal and distal rows

A

Navicular

34
Q

Calcaneus : Posterior Facet

A
  • Part of dorsal MIDDLE surface
  • articulates with talus
  • oval shape
  • largest of the three dorsal Facets
35
Q

o Anterior tubercle of the calcaneus

A

-near calcaneal anterior border of plantar surface -tubercle for Plantar calcaneocuboid ligament (short plantar ligament)

36
Q

Tarsal Bones Six surfaces

A

Dorsal, Plantar, Medial, Lateral, Anterior and posterior

37
Q

Calcaneus : Dorsal surface - Tarsal Canal

A

-Part of dorsal anterior surface - Medial to tarsal sinus

38
Q

What is the smallest surface of the calcaneus?

A

anterior surface

39
Q

Calcaneus : Dorsal surface Anterior Facet

A

-Part of dorsal anterior surface -articulates with talus

40
Q

Calcaneus : Posterior surface -three areas

A
  • Superior
  • Middle
  • inferior
41
Q

Calcaneus : Posterior surface -inferior area

A

-rough -covered by fatty fibrous tissue

42
Q

Calcaneus : Dorsal surface - Calcaneal sulcus

A

-Part of dorsal anterior surface

• Combines with deep groove on plantar surface of talus

– forms tarsal sinus and tarsal canal

43
Q

Calcaneus : plantar surface -Posterior limit

A

Calcaneal tuberosity

44
Q

Calcaneus : plantar surface -Calcaneal tuberosity–> lateral process

A

• Lateral process (posterolateral tubercle)

  • 4 attachments
45
Q

Calcaneus : Dorsal surface -Middle facet

A

-Part of dorsal anterior surface -Articulates with talus -lies medially to anterior facet

46
Q

Calcaneus : Dorsal surface -Tarsal sinus attachments

A

7 total–>“ICE BILD”

1) “I” Inferior extensor retinaculum
2) “C” Cervical ligament
3) “E” Extensor digitorum brevis
4) “B” Bifurcate ligament
5) “I” Inferior peroneal retinaculum
6) “L” Lateral calcaneocuboid ligament (not constant, absent at times)
7) “D” Dorsal calcaneocuboid ligament

47
Q

short plantar ligament is where on the calcaneus?

A

o Anterior tubercle of the calcaneus- near calcaneal anterior border of plantar surface

48
Q

Calcaneus : Dorsal surface -What is the largest of the three dorsal facets and where is it located?

A

Posterior facet that is located in the middle portion of the dorsal surface.

49
Q

Calcaneus : Dorsal surface -What lies within the tarsal canal?

A

 Interosseous talocalcaneal ligament

50
Q

Calcaneus : Dorsal surface -middle length

A

1/3 calc length

51
Q

Plantar calcaneocuboid ligament is AKA

A

short plantar ligament

52
Q

plantar calcaneonavicular ligament is AKA

A

Spring ligament

53
Q

Calcaneus : Anterior surface - shape

A
  • Smallest surface
  • Triangular shaped facet (same as cuboid which it articulates with)
  • convex transversely
  • Concave Vertically

“forward saddle shaped”

54
Q

Third metatarsal*

Key Features

A
  • Posterior surface of base is triangular.
  • Lateral surface near base has a prominent tubercle and facet (for interosseous intermetatarsal ligament).
  • Medial surface has two demarcates, vertically oriented (for second metatarsal).

*Holding metatarsals vertically (with bases down) reveals that bases slant down and toward the side of the foot they come from.

55
Q

Fifth metatarsal*

Key Features

A
  • Lateral surface of base presents a tuberosity also called a styloid process (peroneus brevis insertion).
  • Plantar surface has a groove (for tendon of the abductor digiti minimi (quinti).

*Holding metatarsals vertically (with bases down) reveals that bases slant down and toward the side of the foot they come from.

56
Q

Navicular

Key Features

A
  • Dorsal surface is convex.
  • Anterior surface has three facets (for three cuneiforms).
  • Posterior surface deeply concave facet (for talar head).
  • Medial surface presents tuberosity (tibialis posterior attach).
  • Plantar surface presents a small tubercle in the middle (major attachment of Spring lig.-plantar calcaneonavicular ligament).
57
Q

where is the plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament attached

A

-medial margin of anterior surface of the calcaneus

58
Q

First cuneiform (medial)

Features

A
  • Dorsal surface presents a crest.
  • Lateral surface has an inverted “L” facet (for second cuneiform)
  • Anterior surface has a kidney shaped facet (for first metatarsal).
  • Posterior surface has a pear-shaped or teardrop-shaped facet (for navicular). Think “teardrops fall down my face” to orient anterior to posterior and dorsal to plantar surfaces.
59
Q

Five foot bone categories

A

Tarsals (7), Metatarsals (5), Phalanges (14), Sesamoids, Accessory bones

60
Q

Calcaneus

Key Features

A
  • Medial surface presents sustentaculum tali
61
Q

Third cuneiform (Lateral)

Key Features

A
  • Dorsal surface is rectangular.
  • Plantar surface presents a crest.
  • Medial surface has a posteriorly located elongated oval facet (for second cuneiform) and anteriorly two small oval facets arranged vertically (for second metatarsal).
  • Lateral surface has a large, posterior-superior triangular facet (for cuboid).
62
Q

Tarsal Bones

A
  • Short, irregular
63
Q

Calcaneus: Dorsal surface -Front-to-back

A

Concave

64
Q

Calcaneus : plantar surface - Shape

A
  • Convex side-to-side
  • Wider posterior vs. anterior = somewhat triangular
65
Q

Second cuneiform (Intermediate)

Key Features

A
  • Dorsal surface is squire or quadrilateral.
  • Plantar surface presents a crest.
  • Medial surface has an inverted “L” facet (for first cuneiform).
  • Lateral surface has an elongated oval facet (for third cuneiform).
66
Q

Calcaneus : plantar surface -Calcaneal tuberosity–> lateral process–> 4 attachments

A

“L (lateral) – LAP”

o “L” Lateral head of quadratus plantae

o “L” Long plantar ligament

o “A” Abductor digiti quinti

o “P” Plantar aponeurosis

67
Q

Calcaneus : Dorsal surface - Posterior attachments

A

-two ligament attachments

  • Posterior talocalcaneal ligament
  • Fibulocalcaneal ligament
68
Q

This ligament forms a loop (sling) around what

A

-The medial (deep) root

This ligament forms a loop (sling) around the tendons of the extensor digitorum longus and peroneus tertius muscles

69
Q

Talus

A

Medial surface has a comma-shaped facet (for medial malleolus).

Lateral surface presents lateral process.

Posterior surface presents posterior process grooved by tendon of flexor hallucis longus.

Lower Limb Anatomy (3 decks)

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