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Clinical Lab Diagnosis > Test #1 > Flashcards

Test #1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the reasons for lab tests?

A 
To establish a diagnosis
To rule out a clinical problem
To monitor therapy
To establish prognosis
To screen for disease
To determine effective drug dosage & prevent toxicity
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2
Q

Where is the M/C site for venipuncture?

A

Antecubital fossa

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3
Q

What suffix means an increase in a particular type of cell?

A

-cytosis (Erythrocytosis, Leukocytosis, Lymphocytosis)

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4
Q

What suffix means a decrease in a particular type of cell?

A

-cytopenia (Erythrocytopenia, Leukocytopenia, Lymphocytopenia)

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5
Q

This is the percentage of total blood volume made up by RBC’s

A

Hemtocrit

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6
Q

This is a measure of the average volume, or size of a single RBC. Used in classifying anemias

A

Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)

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7
Q

This means abnormally small RBC

A

Microcytic (seen in iron deficiency or thalassemia)

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8
Q

This means abnormally large RBC

A

Macrocytic (seen in Vit. B12 or folic acid deficiency)

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9
Q

This is a measure of average amount (weight) of hemoglobin w/i a single RBC

A

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)

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10
Q

This is a measure of the avg. concentration of hemoglobin w/i a single RBC

A

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)

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11
Q

This means a decreased MCHC; Seen in iron deficiency anemia & thalassemia

A

Hypochromic

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12
Q

This meas a normal MCHC. Seen in hemolytic anemia

A

Normochromic

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13
Q

This measures variation in RBC size

A

Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW)

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14
Q

What is the % breakdown of a WBC differential count?

A 
Neutrophils - 60%
Lymphocytes - 30%
Monocyte - 8%
Eosinophils - 2%
Basophils - 0-1%
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15
Q

These are immature neutrophils. Not normally present on cell count unless there is an acute ongoing infection

A

Band or Stab cells

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16
Q

These WBCs are increased in acute bacterial infections

A

Neutrophils (Neutrophilia)

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17
Q

These WBCs are increased in chronic bacterial infections & acute viral infections

A

Lymphocytes (Lymphocytosis)

18
Q

These WBCs remove necrotic debris & microorganisms from the blood. Increased in chronic inflammation disorders, viral infections, & parasitic infections

A

Monocytes

19
Q

These WBCs are increased in allergic & parasitic reactions, eczema, leukemia, & autoimmune disorders

A

Eosinophils (Eosinophilia)

20
Q

These WBCs are increased in allergic reactions & parasitic infections

A

Basophils

21
Q

This test provides significant amount of info concerning drugs & diseases that affect RBCs & WBCs

A

Blood smear

22
Q

What does thrombocytemia mean?

A

Platelet count >1 million (pt at high risk for clots)

23
Q

This is a measurement of the rate at which RBCs settle in saline solution or plasma over a specificed time period. Used to monitor the progression of inflammatory autoimmune diseases

A

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)

24
Q

This is a falsely decreased ESR due to distorted RBC shape

A

Spherocytosis

25
Q

Only hemolytic anemia which there is an acquired defect in cell membrane rather than hereditary

A

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria

26
Q

This is a result of bone marrow inappropriately producing great numbers of RBCs

A

Polycythemia Vera

27
Q

This disease arises in a single node or chain of nodes. One of the M/C forms of malignancies in young adults (avg age 32)

A

Hodgkins Disease

28
Q

Hodgkins Disease is characterized by what type of cell?

A

RS cells

29
Q

These types of neoplasms primarily involve the bone marrow & to a lesser degree the secondary hematopoietic organs

A

Myeloid Neoplasms

30
Q

This is a group of clonal stem cell disorders characterized by maturation defects resulting in ineffective hematopoiesis & increased risk of transformation to AML

A

Myelodysplastic Syndromes

31
Q

Which clotting factors does a prothrombin time measure?

A 
I (Fibrinogen)
II (Prothrombin)
V
VII
X
32
Q

What factors does a partial thromboplastin time test for?

A 
Same as  PT plus:
VIII
IX
XI
XII
33
Q

This test evaluates the vascular & platelet factors assoc. w/ hemostasis. Frequently performed on preoperative patients

A

Bleeding Time

34
Q

Increased/Decreased sodium levels

A

Hypernatremia/Hyponatremia

35
Q

Increased/Decreased potassium levels

A

Hyperkalemia/Hypokalemia

36
Q

This assists in evaluating pH & electrolytes but not a very useful lab test

A

CO2

37
Q

This is an indirect & rough measurement of renal function & glomerular filtration rate. Also a measurement of liver function.

A

BUN (Blood, Urea, Nitrogen)

38
Q

Used to diagnose renal function. Related to muscle mass & excreted by the kidneys

A

Creatinine

39
Q

Calcium tests evaluate calcium metabolism and what other function?

A

parathyroid function

40
Q

What are the ranges for an A1C in a prediabetic and a diabetic?

A

5.7%-6% is prediabetic

over 7% is diabetic

41
Q

This protein is formed w/i the liver, makes up approx. 60% of total protein, & maintains colloidal osmotic pressure

A

Albumin

Clinical Lab Diagnosis (1 decks)

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