Test 1

Question 1

As internal validity goes up, external validity goes_____

Answer 1

down

Question 2

external validity can be thought of as

Answer 2

applicability to the general population

Question 3

criteria for a true experimental design

Answer 3

subjects randomely selected from population, subjects randomly assigned to groups, concealment of group assignment, blinding of subjects, testers and practitioners

Question 4

criteria for quasi experimental designs

Answer 4

no random assignment, only shows basic causal relationships

Question 5

post test only control group design example

Answer 5

patients who recieve PT day after ACL surgery will have a decreased length of stay in hospital (pre test impossible)

Question 6

two group pretest post-test design and example

Answer 6

compares two treatments, new intervention vs standard of care. Highschool athletes who recieve balance training will have fewer ankle sprains than those who recieve multi-station prevention training.

Question 7

two group pretest post-test design limitations

Answer 7

NO CONTROL GROUP. If both groups get better no way to tell if interventions were useless or equally effective.

Question 8

internal validity multiple group threats

Answer 8

selection history, selection maturation, selection testing, selection instrumentation

Question 9

selection history

Answer 9

groups have different experiences between pretest and post test (multicenter study)

Question 10

selection maturation

Answer 10

groups maturing at different rates

Question 11

selection testing

Answer 11

pretest effects groups differently

Question 12

selection instrumentation

Answer 12

test is not consistent across groups

Question 13

history (single group)

Answer 13

previous knowledge or history could affect dependent variable

Question 14

maturation (single group)

Answer 14

was the test long enough that maturation effects the dependent variable

Question 15

attrition (single group)

Answer 15

drop out of subjects

Question 16

testing (single group)

Answer 16

knowledge of pretest can effect answers on post tests

Question 17

what type of validity determines if the link between the IV and hypothesis is relevant?

Answer 17

construct validity

Question 18

What type of validity is established by an expert panel?

Answer 18

content validity

Question 19

What type of validity is established by comparing measurement procedures or tool to gold standard?

Answer 19

criterion validity.

Question 20

what type of validity is established by appearing to measure what it should measure?

Answer 20

face validity

Question 21

what is a scientific paradigm

Answer 21

way of looking at the world that influences research and practice. defines the problems that can be addressed and the range of evidence that contribute to solutions.

Question 22

what are the three scientific paradigms?

Answer 22

outcome research (provides baseline and data over time), models of health and disability, EBP

Question 23

biomedical model of health

Answer 23

health=absence of disease, disease and injury can be cured, outcome=disease cured or death

Question 24

biophysiological model of health and disability

Answer 24

uses personal and environmental factors in determining health. ICF levels (body impairment, activity, participation)

Question 25

what are the steps in EBM

Answer 25

determine need, create question, search database, determine best evidence source, critically appraise evidence, integrate evidence into plan of care,

Question 26

what is the biggest barrier to EBP?

Answer 26

Time

Question 27

what does an acknowledgment imply for a published research study?

Answer 27

an individual contributed in some important way but did not meet the criteria for authorship

Question 28

what is the criteria for authorship?

Answer 28

substantial contribution, drafting or revising the article critically, final approval of version to be published

Question 29

what is autonomy?

Answer 29

the ability of study participants to make own decisions

Question 30

What is benficence

Answer 30

obligation to attend to well being of participants. max benefits and minimize harm

Question 31

what is justice

Answer 31

equal chance of being assigned to intervention groups

Question 32

how do we ethically perform research if we exclude control group from intervention?

Answer 32

offer treatment after conclusion of study

Question 33

what says that individuals must give informed consent for participation in a study?

Answer 33

Nuremberg code

Question 34

what says that a review of research protocols by impartial committee needs to be conducted before the beginning of study

Answer 34

declaration of helsinki

Question 35

IRB looks at:

Answer 35

scientific merit, competence of investigators, risk to participants, feasability based on resources, risk-benefit ratio

Question 36

what requires full IRB review

Answer 36

experimental procedures, more than minimal risk, vulnerable populations (children, prisoners, disabled)

Question 37

what can skip the full IRB and undergo an expedited IRB review

Answer 37

very minimal risk to participants or reliability studies of common clinical exam tools

Question 38

exempt IRB studies

Answer 38

no risk and participants CANNOT be identified

Question 39

what are the three elements of informed consent

Answer 39

information element (what is going to happen in the study), consent element (participation is voluntary), authorization element (consent to use data for publication)

Question 40

what must be included in the information element of informed consent?

Answer 40

purpose of study, explanation of procedures to be used (what is time commitment, side effects, etc), inclusion criteria, description of risks, description of benefits, how will info be protected and disposed, contact information for questions

Question 41

what must be included in the consent element of informed consent

Answer 41

participation is voluntary, free to withdraw at any time, if compensation is provided,