Test 1 Flashcards
The study of social life and behavior, especially in social systems
sociology
social system involving regular interactions among members and a shared identity
social group
any interdependent set of cultural and structural elements that can be thought of as a unit
social system
How resources/products are spread across the social system and how people spread across positions of the system
social distribution
conception of delinquency that states we have societally agreed upon behaviors that are acceptable
objectively given
conception of delinquency that states the definition of deviance and delinquency is constructed based on interactions of those in society
subjectively problematic
conception of delinquency that states the normative understanding of delinquency is established by those in power to maintain that power
critical definition
conception of delinquency that assumes a general set of norms of behavior, conduct, and conditions with which we can agree
normative conception
everyday norms that do not generate much uproar if they are violated
folkways
“moral” norms that may generate more outrage if broken
mores
strongest norms backed by official sanctions
laws
popular ideas about delinquency that are created and influenced by social, political, and economic factors that change over time; behaviors or conditions are not inherently deviant; they become so when the definition of deviance is applied to them
social constructions
process by which we define, describe, and distinguish people based on different categories
social differentiation
a category that an individual is born into and cannot change
ascribed category
flexible category that individuals may be able to move in and out of
achieved category
How does juvenile delinquency differ from crime? (2 ways)
application of sanctions, intent of offender
acts committed by juveniles that would not be criminal if committed by an adult
status offenses
historical perspective in which family was law enforcement; if family failed, turned to community officials; children were seen and not heard
colonial
historical perspective in which discipline was idealized, harsh punishments were administered, and family was replaced as primary disciplinarian
house of refuge
historical perspective based on parens patrial, children are not entirely responsible for their actions
juvenile courts
historical perspective in which legal rights of adults were extended to children charged with crime, with a heightened push towards deinstitutionalization
juvenile rights
historical perspective that emphasized reduced uses of correctional facilities and reforming juvenile justice system, focused on minor and status offenders “at expense of” serious delinquents
reform agenda
historical perspective with public concern for violent offenders, federal efforts were redirected, based on severity, perceived responsibility, and punishment
social control
historical perspective rooted in “get tough” approach and the crack cocaine epidemic
contemporary delinquency
time period of colonial
1636 - 1823
time period of house of refuge
1824 - 1898
time period of juvenile courts
1899 - 1966
time period of juvenile rights
1967 - 1975
time period of reform agenda
late 70’s
time period of social control
80’s
