test 1

Question 1

the drive to understand the hows and whys we do things, and to learn more about human activities

Answer 1

sociological consciousness

Question 2

human activity

Answer 2

the things people do with, to and for one another. also the things people think and do as a result of others’ influence

Question 3

social forces

Answer 3

anything humans create that influences or pressures people to interact, behave, respond, or think in certain ways.

Question 4

what types of questions do sociologists seek to answer. (and an example)

Answer 4

what are the opportunities, disadvantages, sense of self, and relationships with others and environment that are caused by human activities. ex) how does attitude toward resources and corresponding behavior affect sense of self.

Question 5

sociological imagination (and who coined the term)

Answer 5

the ability to see the relationship between individual experiences and the larger society in which they occur. (recognizing the connection between the individual, private experience and the wider society) coined by C. Wright Mills

Question 6

difference between troubles and issues

Answer 6

troubles are privately felt problems that spring from events or feelings in one individual’s life. issues affect large numbers of people and have their origins in the institutional arrangements and history of a society.

Question 7

what is the sociological perspective regarding suicide?

Answer 7

suicide rates within a society reflected the extent to which people were or were not integrated into group life.

Question 8

social solidarity

Answer 8

the degree to which a society or group is integrated or held together as a solid whole. (low solidarity will lead to a high suicide rate)

Question 9

social facets

Answer 9

social forces, social patterns which influence individual action.

Question 10

types of suicide

Answer 10

egoistic (low level of solidarity), altruistic (very high level of solidarity), anomic (very rapid change in society), fatalistic (almost no change)

Question 11

auguste comte is remembered for…

Answer 11

being the father of positivism, gave sociology its name. positivism holds valid that knowledge about the world can be derived only form using the scientific method.

Question 12

karl marx

Answer 12

focused on conflict as an agent of social change. every historical period gives rise to specific types of confrontation between an exploited class and an exploiting class.

Question 13

the class divide centers around the..

Answer 13

means of production: resources essential to the production and distribution of goods and services.

Question 14

emile durkheim

Answer 14

focused on the social ties that bind people to each other and society. (the division of labor and solidarity)

Question 15

mechanical solidarity

Answer 15

for the most part, everyone performs the same tasks needed to maintain their livelihood. this sameness gives rise to common experiences, skills, and beliefs.

Question 16

organic solidarity

Answer 16

social ties founded on interdependence and cooperation. people relate to others in terms of their specialized roles in the division of labor and as customers. social ties are strong, not because people know eachother, but because we need one another to survive.

Question 17

max weber

Answer 17

worked on social actions or the social forces that motivate people to act. focused us on the broad reasons that people pursue goals, whatever those may be.

Question 18

verstehen

Answer 18

understanding or insight

Question 19

traditional social action

Answer 19

respect for past ways of doing things is motivation

Question 20

affectional social action

Answer 20

love, loyalty, or other emotions motivate.

Question 21

virtue-rational

Answer 21

adhering to a code of conduct (no short cuts)

Question 22

instrumental rational

Answer 22

to achieve a goal by any means necessary.

Question 23

W.E.B. DuBois

Answer 23

focused on the significance of race. the color line, barrier supported by customs and laws separating nonwhites from whites, especially with regard to their place in the division of labor. we were able to endure the tragedy by closing our eyes and shutting our ears.

Question 24

jane addams

Answer 24

focused on social consequences accompanying industrialization including immigration, homelessness, substandard housing, unemployment, and exploitive and unsafe working conditions.

Question 25

sympathetic knowledge

Answer 25

knowing one another better reinforces the common connection of people such that the potential for caring and empathetic moral actions increase.

Question 26

sociological perspectives

Answer 26

functionalism (society is like a living system, each component making it up has function, how does a part contribute to order and stability?),

Question 27

manifest function/dysfunction

Answer 27

• anticipated consequences that support social order.

- anticipated disruptive consequences to order

Question 28

latent function/dysfunction

Answer 28

• unanticipated consequences that support social order

- unanticipated disruptive consequences to social order

Question 29

conflict perspective

Answer 29

conflict is continuing and inevitable as the things that people desire are always scarce. elements of social life may be functional but everyone does not benefit equally.

Question 30

ideology

Answer 30

point of view or explanation that members of advantaged groups promote to justify social arrangements that benefit them over others.

Question 31

interactionism

Answer 31

individual is both created by society and creates society. behavior is affected by how the social world influences the individual, how the individual influences the social world, and how the individual comprehends the social world.

Question 32

steps to research

Answer 32

1. determining the topic or research question, 2. reviewing the literature, 3. choosing a research design, 4. identifying variables and specifying hypotheses, 5. collecting and analyzing the data, 6. drawing conclusions