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Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Authoritarian governments

A

Political system which the state holds all power of social order.

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2
Q

Totalitarian

A

When authoritarian government combines with socialist economy. When absolute power is exercised over every aspect of life

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3
Q

Authoritarian capitalism

A

State allows people economic freedom but maintains strict social regulations to limit no economic behavior

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4
Q

Nonauthoritarian systems

A

Ultimate power rests with individuals to make decisions concerning their lives

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5
Q

Anarchy

A

Most extreme form of non authoritarian system defined as the absence of government and laws

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6
Q

Democracy

A

Government that vests power in the people based on popular sovereignty which means there is no higher power than the people
Ex: constitution establishes this in the U.S

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7
Q

Capitalist economy

A

An economic system In which the market determines production distribution and price. Property is privately owned. Belief that individuals know what’s best for an economy

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8
Q

Laissez fair

capitalism

A

The market makes all decisions and the government plays no rule

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9
Q

Regulated

Capitalism

A

Used by United States. Keeps individual freedom but allows government to intervene to protect rights and make procedural guarantees

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10
Q

Socialist economy

A

Based off of Marxism, an economy in which the state determine production, and property is government owned. Substantive guarantee

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11
Q

Social democracy

A

Hybrid system combining capitalist economy and government that supports equality
Example: Norway, Denmark, Sweden

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12
Q

What is the difference between economic and political system

A

Economics is concerned with production and distribution of society’s wealth while politics is concerned with the distribution of power and resources

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13
Q

Popular sovereignty

A

Concept that there is no power higher than the people and they aren’t truly free unless they live under a law of their own making

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14
Q

What is the difference between procedural and substantive guarantees?

A

Procedural guarantees is the governments assurance that the rules will work smoothly and treat everyone fairly, but not promise of particular outcome while Substantive guarantees government assurance of particular outcome

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15
Q

What are the three theories of democracy?

A

Elite
Pluralist
Participatory

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16
Q

Elite democracy

A

Limits citizens role to choosing among competing leaders. Elections are symbolic

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17
Q

Pluralists democracy

A

Citizens membership in groups is the key to political power. Individuals themselves have no power, only do once they are in a group

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18
Q

Participatory democracy

A

Citizens should actively and directly control all aspects of their lives

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19
Q

Advanced industrial democracy

A

Combine a considerable amount of personal freedom with a free-market economy( although the economy is usually regulated)
The system that the US uses

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20
Q

Communist democracy

A

What Karl Marx believes in

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21
Q

Who created the social contract

A

Hobbes and Locke

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22
Q

What is the social contract?

A

Notion that society is bars on an agreement between government and people and the governed agree to give up some rights in exchange for the protection of others

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23
Q

When was the social contract composed

A

1500-1700 the Protestant reformation and the enlightenment

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24
Q

How does someone become a citizen

A

Jus soli
Jus sanguinis
Naturalized

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25
Jus soli
Right of the soil. If you are born in America you are a citizen
26
Jus sanguinis
The right by blood meaning you are born to American parents
27
Naturalization
Legal process of acquiring citizenship
28
What unites us?
A common culture based on shared values
29
What divides us?
Difference over how much government control there should be in our lives
30
Politics
Who gets what how. Determines how power and resources are distributed in a society without violence
31
Individualism
Belief that what is good for society is based on what is good for individuals
32
Ideology
Sets of beliefs about politics and society that help people make sense of their world
33
Key values
Freedom Equality Democracy Allow us a common ground to argue politics on
34
Melting pot vs. multicultural
People adhering to the American culture is melting pot whim multicultural is many different Types of cultures
35
Economic liberals
Those who favor an expanded government role in the economy but a limited role in the social order
36
Economic conservatives
Those who favor a strictly limited government role in the economy and social role Economic- limit government Social order- pro choose anti gun control Foreign policy- guest worker program
37
Libertarians
Those who favor minimal government role in any sphere
38
Social liberals
Those who favor greater control of the economy and the social order to bring about greater equality and to regulate the effects of the progress Example: welfare, pollution controls, affirmative action
39
Communitarians
Those who favor a strong government role in the economy and the social order so that their vision of a community of equals may be realized
40
Social conservatives
Limited government role in economy and expanded government role in social order Ex: low taxes, prayer in school, anti gay rights
41
Feudalism
A social system in which political say was based on the ownership of land, but very few owned land. People lived their lives in the class to which they were born
42
What were three major players during American colonization?
Spanish, French and British
43
Why did the colonists want to leave Europe
They wanted to own land, engage in trade, and avoid debts prison. They also wanted freedom to practice their religion, didn't want to taxation without representation
44
What was the Declaration of Independence?
Political document that dissolved ties between the United States and Britain
45
Why was the declaration needed
To spell out what the king did wrong in terms of the social contract. It established why it was ok to split, and to further prevent revolution
46
The French and Indian war
A war fought between England and French which result d in France's expulsion from the new world
47
Common sense
Pamphlet by Thomas Paine that persuaded many Americans to support the revolutionary cause
48
Articles of confederation
First constitution of the U.S in 1777 that gave power to the states with a weak central government
49
Confederation
A government in which independent states untie for common purpose but retain their own sovereignty
50
Popular tyranny
The unrestrained power of the people
51
Shays rebellion
An uprising by armed Massachusetts farmers protesting foreclosures
52
Constitutional convention
The assembly of fifty five delegates in the summer of 1787 to create the U.S constitution
53
Federalism
A political system in which power is divided between the central and regional units
54
Federalists
Supporters of the constitution who favored a strong central government
55
Anti federalists
People that wanted states rights and opposed the constitution
56
Who were the delegates at the convention
James Madison, Ben Franklin, George Washington, Alexander Hamilton
57
Create compromise
The constitutional solution to the confessional representation: equal votes in the senate, votes by population in the house
58
The federalists papers
Essays written to build support for ratification of the constitution Written by publius (Madison, Hamilton, jay)
59
Bill of rights
A summary of citizen rights guaranteed and protected by the government; added to the constitution as its first ten amendments in order achieve ratification.
60
What did Hamilton think about the bill of rights
It wasn't needed, it would be dangerous
61
Legislature
The body of government that makes laws
62
What is a pure democracy?
Small political systems in which the citizens make and administer their own laws
63
What is a republic?
Decisions are made through representatives of the people
64
Executive branch
The branch of government responsible for putting laws into effect.
65
Presidential system
A government in which the executive is chosen independently of the legislature and the two branches are separate
66
Parliamentary system
Government in which the executive is chosen by the legislature from among its members and the two branches are merged
67
Legislative supremacy
And alternative to judicial review, the acceptance of legislative as the final law of the land
68
Desperation of powers
The arrangement that assigns powers to different groups limiting the powers of each
69
Checks and balances
Allows each branch of government to exercise some form of control over the others
70
Fusion of powers
Alternative to separation of power where branches of the government are combined

Political Science (2 decks)

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