Test 1 Flashcards
Authoritarian governments
Political system which the state holds all power of social order.
Totalitarian
When authoritarian government combines with socialist economy. When absolute power is exercised over every aspect of life
Authoritarian capitalism
State allows people economic freedom but maintains strict social regulations to limit no economic behavior
Nonauthoritarian systems
Ultimate power rests with individuals to make decisions concerning their lives
Anarchy
Most extreme form of non authoritarian system defined as the absence of government and laws
Democracy
Government that vests power in the people based on popular sovereignty which means there is no higher power than the people
Ex: constitution establishes this in the U.S
Capitalist economy
An economic system In which the market determines production distribution and price. Property is privately owned. Belief that individuals know what’s best for an economy
Laissez fair
capitalism
The market makes all decisions and the government plays no rule
Regulated
Capitalism
Used by United States. Keeps individual freedom but allows government to intervene to protect rights and make procedural guarantees
Socialist economy
Based off of Marxism, an economy in which the state determine production, and property is government owned. Substantive guarantee
Social democracy
Hybrid system combining capitalist economy and government that supports equality
Example: Norway, Denmark, Sweden
What is the difference between economic and political system
Economics is concerned with production and distribution of society’s wealth while politics is concerned with the distribution of power and resources
Popular sovereignty
Concept that there is no power higher than the people and they aren’t truly free unless they live under a law of their own making
What is the difference between procedural and substantive guarantees?
Procedural guarantees is the governments assurance that the rules will work smoothly and treat everyone fairly, but not promise of particular outcome while Substantive guarantees government assurance of particular outcome
What are the three theories of democracy?
Elite
Pluralist
Participatory
Elite democracy
Limits citizens role to choosing among competing leaders. Elections are symbolic
Pluralists democracy
Citizens membership in groups is the key to political power. Individuals themselves have no power, only do once they are in a group
Participatory democracy
Citizens should actively and directly control all aspects of their lives
Advanced industrial democracy
Combine a considerable amount of personal freedom with a free-market economy( although the economy is usually regulated)
The system that the US uses
Communist democracy
What Karl Marx believes in
Who created the social contract
Hobbes and Locke
What is the social contract?
Notion that society is bars on an agreement between government and people and the governed agree to give up some rights in exchange for the protection of others
When was the social contract composed
1500-1700 the Protestant reformation and the enlightenment
How does someone become a citizen
Jus soli
Jus sanguinis
Naturalized
Jus soli
Right of the soil. If you are born in America you are a citizen
Jus sanguinis
The right by blood meaning you are born to American parents
Naturalization
Legal process of acquiring citizenship
What unites us?
A common culture based on shared values
What divides us?
Difference over how much government control there should be in our lives
Politics
Who gets what how. Determines how power and resources are distributed in a society without violence
Individualism
Belief that what is good for society is based on what is good for individuals
Ideology
Sets of beliefs about politics and society that help people make sense of their world
Key values
Freedom
Equality
Democracy
Allow us a common ground to argue politics on
Melting pot vs. multicultural
People adhering to the American culture is melting pot whim multicultural is many different Types of cultures
Economic liberals
Those who favor an expanded government role in the economy but a limited role in the social order
Economic conservatives
Those who favor a strictly limited government role in the economy and social role
Economic- limit government
Social order- pro choose anti gun control
Foreign policy- guest worker program
Libertarians
Those who favor minimal government role in any sphere
Social liberals
Those who favor greater control of the economy and the social order to bring about greater equality and to regulate the effects of the progress
Example: welfare, pollution controls, affirmative action
Communitarians
Those who favor a strong government role in the economy and the social order so that their vision of a community of equals may be realized
Social conservatives
Limited government role in economy and expanded government role in social order
Ex: low taxes, prayer in school, anti gay rights
Feudalism
A social system in which political say was based on the ownership of land, but very few owned land. People lived their lives in the class to which they were born
What were three major players during American colonization?
Spanish, French and British
Why did the colonists want to leave Europe
They wanted to own land, engage in trade, and avoid debts prison. They also wanted freedom to practice their religion, didn’t want to taxation without representation
What was the Declaration of Independence?
Political document that dissolved ties between the United States and Britain
Why was the declaration needed
To spell out what the king did wrong in terms of the social contract. It established why it was ok to split, and to further prevent revolution
The French and Indian war
A war fought between England and French which result d in France’s expulsion from the new world
Common sense
Pamphlet by Thomas Paine that persuaded many Americans to support the revolutionary cause
Articles of confederation
First constitution of the U.S in 1777 that gave power to the states with a weak central government
Confederation
A government in which independent states untie for common purpose but retain their own sovereignty
Popular tyranny
The unrestrained power of the people
Shays rebellion
An uprising by armed Massachusetts farmers protesting foreclosures
Constitutional convention
The assembly of fifty five delegates in the summer of 1787 to create the U.S constitution
Federalism
A political system in which power is divided between the central and regional units
Federalists
Supporters of the constitution who favored a strong central government
Anti federalists
People that wanted states rights and opposed the constitution
Who were the delegates at the convention
James Madison, Ben Franklin, George Washington, Alexander Hamilton
Create compromise
The constitutional solution to the confessional representation: equal votes in the senate, votes by population in the house
The federalists papers
Essays written to build support for ratification of the constitution
Written by publius (Madison, Hamilton, jay)
Bill of rights
A summary of citizen rights guaranteed and protected by the government; added to the constitution as its first ten amendments in order achieve ratification.
What did Hamilton think about the bill of rights
It wasn’t needed, it would be dangerous
Legislature
The body of government that makes laws
What is a pure democracy?
Small political systems in which the citizens make and administer their own laws
What is a republic?
Decisions are made through representatives of the people
Executive branch
The branch of government responsible for putting laws into effect.
Presidential system
A government in which the executive is chosen independently of the legislature and the two branches are separate
Parliamentary system
Government in which the executive is chosen by the legislature from among its members and the two branches are merged
Legislative supremacy
And alternative to judicial review, the acceptance of legislative as the final law of the land
Desperation of powers
The arrangement that assigns powers to different groups limiting the powers of each
Checks and balances
Allows each branch of government to exercise some form of control over the others
Fusion of powers
Alternative to separation of power where branches of the government are combined
