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Political Science > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Authoritarian governments

A

Political system which the state holds all power of social order.

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2
Q

Totalitarian

A

When authoritarian government combines with socialist economy. When absolute power is exercised over every aspect of life

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3
Q

Authoritarian capitalism

A

State allows people economic freedom but maintains strict social regulations to limit no economic behavior

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4
Q

Nonauthoritarian systems

A

Ultimate power rests with individuals to make decisions concerning their lives

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5
Q

Anarchy

A

Most extreme form of non authoritarian system defined as the absence of government and laws

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6
Q

Democracy

A

Government that vests power in the people based on popular sovereignty which means there is no higher power than the people
Ex: constitution establishes this in the U.S

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7
Q

Capitalist economy

A

An economic system In which the market determines production distribution and price. Property is privately owned. Belief that individuals know what’s best for an economy

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8
Q

Laissez fair

capitalism

A

The market makes all decisions and the government plays no rule

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9
Q

Regulated

Capitalism

A

Used by United States. Keeps individual freedom but allows government to intervene to protect rights and make procedural guarantees

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10
Q

Socialist economy

A

Based off of Marxism, an economy in which the state determine production, and property is government owned. Substantive guarantee

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11
Q

Social democracy

A

Hybrid system combining capitalist economy and government that supports equality
Example: Norway, Denmark, Sweden

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12
Q

What is the difference between economic and political system

A

Economics is concerned with production and distribution of society’s wealth while politics is concerned with the distribution of power and resources

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13
Q

Popular sovereignty

A

Concept that there is no power higher than the people and they aren’t truly free unless they live under a law of their own making

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14
Q

What is the difference between procedural and substantive guarantees?

A

Procedural guarantees is the governments assurance that the rules will work smoothly and treat everyone fairly, but not promise of particular outcome while Substantive guarantees government assurance of particular outcome

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15
Q

What are the three theories of democracy?

A

Elite
Pluralist
Participatory

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16
Q

Elite democracy

A

Limits citizens role to choosing among competing leaders. Elections are symbolic

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17
Q

Pluralists democracy

A

Citizens membership in groups is the key to political power. Individuals themselves have no power, only do once they are in a group

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18
Q

Participatory democracy

A

Citizens should actively and directly control all aspects of their lives

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19
Q

Advanced industrial democracy

A

Combine a considerable amount of personal freedom with a free-market economy( although the economy is usually regulated)
The system that the US uses

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20
Q

Communist democracy

A

What Karl Marx believes in

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21
Q

Who created the social contract

A

Hobbes and Locke

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22
Q

What is the social contract?

A

Notion that society is bars on an agreement between government and people and the governed agree to give up some rights in exchange for the protection of others

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23
Q

When was the social contract composed

A

1500-1700 the Protestant reformation and the enlightenment

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24
Q

How does someone become a citizen

A

Jus soli
Jus sanguinis
Naturalized

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25
Q

Jus soli

A

Right of the soil. If you are born in America you are a citizen

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26
Q

Jus sanguinis

A

The right by blood meaning you are born to American parents

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27
Q

Naturalization

A

Legal process of acquiring citizenship

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28
Q

What unites us?

A

A common culture based on shared values

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29
Q

What divides us?

A

Difference over how much government control there should be in our lives

30
Q

Politics

A

Who gets what how. Determines how power and resources are distributed in a society without violence

31
Q

Individualism

A

Belief that what is good for society is based on what is good for individuals

32
Q

Ideology

A

Sets of beliefs about politics and society that help people make sense of their world

33
Q

Key values

A

Freedom
Equality
Democracy
Allow us a common ground to argue politics on

34
Q

Melting pot vs. multicultural

A

People adhering to the American culture is melting pot whim multicultural is many different Types of cultures

35
Q

Economic liberals

A

Those who favor an expanded government role in the economy but a limited role in the social order

36
Q

Economic conservatives

A

Those who favor a strictly limited government role in the economy and social role
Economic- limit government
Social order- pro choose anti gun control
Foreign policy- guest worker program

37
Q

Libertarians

A

Those who favor minimal government role in any sphere

38
Q

Social liberals

A

Those who favor greater control of the economy and the social order to bring about greater equality and to regulate the effects of the progress
Example: welfare, pollution controls, affirmative action

39
Q

Communitarians

A

Those who favor a strong government role in the economy and the social order so that their vision of a community of equals may be realized

40
Q

Social conservatives

A

Limited government role in economy and expanded government role in social order
Ex: low taxes, prayer in school, anti gay rights

41
Q

Feudalism

A

A social system in which political say was based on the ownership of land, but very few owned land. People lived their lives in the class to which they were born

42
Q

What were three major players during American colonization?

A

Spanish, French and British

43
Q

Why did the colonists want to leave Europe

A

They wanted to own land, engage in trade, and avoid debts prison. They also wanted freedom to practice their religion, didn’t want to taxation without representation

44
Q

What was the Declaration of Independence?

A

Political document that dissolved ties between the United States and Britain

45
Q

Why was the declaration needed

A

To spell out what the king did wrong in terms of the social contract. It established why it was ok to split, and to further prevent revolution

46
Q

The French and Indian war

A

A war fought between England and French which result d in France’s expulsion from the new world

47
Q

Common sense

A

Pamphlet by Thomas Paine that persuaded many Americans to support the revolutionary cause

48
Q

Articles of confederation

A

First constitution of the U.S in 1777 that gave power to the states with a weak central government

49
Q

Confederation

A

A government in which independent states untie for common purpose but retain their own sovereignty

50
Q

Popular tyranny

A

The unrestrained power of the people

51
Q

Shays rebellion

A

An uprising by armed Massachusetts farmers protesting foreclosures

52
Q

Constitutional convention

A

The assembly of fifty five delegates in the summer of 1787 to create the U.S constitution

53
Q

Federalism

A

A political system in which power is divided between the central and regional units

54
Q

Federalists

A

Supporters of the constitution who favored a strong central government

55
Q

Anti federalists

A

People that wanted states rights and opposed the constitution

56
Q

Who were the delegates at the convention

A

James Madison, Ben Franklin, George Washington, Alexander Hamilton

57
Q

Create compromise

A

The constitutional solution to the confessional representation: equal votes in the senate, votes by population in the house

58
Q

The federalists papers

A

Essays written to build support for ratification of the constitution
Written by publius (Madison, Hamilton, jay)

59
Q

Bill of rights

A

A summary of citizen rights guaranteed and protected by the government; added to the constitution as its first ten amendments in order achieve ratification.

60
Q

What did Hamilton think about the bill of rights

A

It wasn’t needed, it would be dangerous

61
Q

Legislature

A

The body of government that makes laws

62
Q

What is a pure democracy?

A

Small political systems in which the citizens make and administer their own laws

63
Q

What is a republic?

A

Decisions are made through representatives of the people

64
Q

Executive branch

A

The branch of government responsible for putting laws into effect.

65
Q

Presidential system

A

A government in which the executive is chosen independently of the legislature and the two branches are separate

66
Q

Parliamentary system

A

Government in which the executive is chosen by the legislature from among its members and the two branches are merged

67
Q

Legislative supremacy

A

And alternative to judicial review, the acceptance of legislative as the final law of the land

68
Q

Desperation of powers

A

The arrangement that assigns powers to different groups limiting the powers of each

69
Q

Checks and balances

A

Allows each branch of government to exercise some form of control over the others

70
Q

Fusion of powers

A

Alternative to separation of power where branches of the government are combined

Political Science (2 decks)

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