Test 1 Flashcards
Stolon
Above ground stem:
EX: St. Augustine grass, centipede grass, Rough Bluegrass
Rhizomes
Below-ground stem
EX: Kentucky Bluegrass
Combination of Stolons & Rhizomes
EX: Bermuda grass & Zoysia grass
Crowns
At below ground level. Give rise to leaves, roots, tillers, and elongated stems. Must be protected for plant to survive.
Stomate
Pore through which gaseous exchange occurs.
Photosynthesis
The production of carbohydrates from CO2 and water in the presence of light
Respiration
Breaking down of carbohydrates to produce energy
Cool Season Grasses
Greatest Growth: Spring & Fall Dormant or (Semi-dormant): Summer & winter
Warm Season Grasses
Greatest Growth: Late summer, summer and early fall
Dormant: After 1st freeze & if moisture stressed during summer
St. Augustinegrasses
Warm Season
Advantages: Shade tolerant, adapted to taller mowing height (less frequent mowing), drought tolerant, resistance to SAD
Disadvantages: low cold & wear tolerant
Cannot normally be successfully established from seed
Bermudagrasses
Warm Season
Advantages: Wear tolerant, good cold tolerance, drought tolerant
Disadvantage: Low quality, poor shade tolerance, prone to scalping
Thatch
A layer of non or partially decomposed plant parts just above the soil surface
Raleigh
Traditionally, the St. Augustinegrass cultivar which is most widely sold is
Tifway
Warm Season
Industry standard for sports fields & fairways; it is considered the “industry standard” for warm season sports turf,
Seashore Paspalum
Warm Season
Most salt-tolerant turfgrass
What % of the soil should be occupied by pore space (air+ water)
50%
Sand
Soil type with the poorest nutrient and water holding capacity, largest particles, called “course”
Clay
Soil type with the highest cation exchange capacity (CEC), smallest particles
Silt
feels slick and smooth, medium sized particles
Loam
a soil type consisting of a mixture of the 3 soil partical types, not a particle size
Ultradwarf bermudagrasses
For high quality putting greens, require high maintenance
Zoysiagrasses
Warm Season
The most wear tolerant grass, which forms a dense, high quality turf if managed properly
Disadvantages: Expensive
Centipedegrass
Warm Season
Can handle moisture, Southeastern, grows in hot and wet climates
Disadvantage: poor wear tolerance
In a sunny lawn in the south
Buffalograss
Warm Season
Most drought tolerant, unlikely to scalp
Disadvantages: low shade & wear tolerance
Grass along the roadside
Perennial ryegrass
Cool Season
A grass used for overseeding golf course fairways and greens in the south
Many varieties, blends, & mixtures, dark green color
Tall fescue
Cool Season
Irrigated home lawns
Advantages: Good heat, drought, & salt tolerant
Disadvantages: Requires a fair amount of irrigation, slow to establish
Grass with year round green color
Kentucky Bluegrass
Cool Season
Sunny lawn in the cold, rhizomatous growth habit (no stolons), most widely used cool-season grass, but not in south, not used for putting greens
Ryegrass
Cool Season
Bunch type growth habit (no stolons or rhizomes), like moist, cool environment; seed matures in early summer
Advantages: quick establishment from seed, cold & wear tolerance
Disadvantages: poor drought tolerance, low mowing quality
Holds things in place
Annual Bluegrass
Cool Season
Usually considered a weed
Advantages: rapid growth, shade tolerant
Disadvantages: Poor tolerance to heat, drought, and cold
Bentgrasses
Cool Season
A golf course putting green in Missouri
CEC
Cation Exchange Capacity
Bahiagrass
Warm Season
A low maintenance turf grass that is not used for high quality lawns because of its lack of density and unsightly seedheads
Texture
Determined by the size of the individual soil particles
Structure
Aggregation of soil particles
Lime
Raises the pH
Sulfur
Lowers the pH
