Test 1 Flashcards
The definitive distinction between ionic bonding and covalent bonding is that
Ionic bonding involves a transfer of electrons and covalent bonding involves a sharing of electrons
What is a hypothesis
a tentative interpretation or explanation of observations
What is a scientific law
brief statement that summarizes observations and predicts future observations
What is a theory
model for how nature is explained not only but why, but how it does it
What is physical change
when the state of matter changes
What is chemical change
when the composition alters so that a new substance forms
What is physical properties
property that a substance displays without chaning its composition
Example of physical properties?
smell, odor, taste, melting point, boiling point, density, apperance
What is chemical properties
property that a substance displays only by changing its composition through a chemical reaction
Example of chemical properties(change)
corrossivness acidity toxicity, combustion
What is energy
the capacity to do work
What is kinetic energy
energy associated with motion (thermal energy)
What is potential energy
energy associated with position or composition
What is the law of conservaton of energy
energy is neither created nor destroyed
What is extensive properties
depends upon the size
What are examples of extensive properties
volume, weight, mass
What is intensive properties
doesn’t depend on size
Example of intensive properties
atomic, melting point, color, density
What is accuracy
how close measured value is to true value
What is precision
how close a series of measurments are to one another
What is the law of conservation of mass
mattter is neither created nor destroyed
What is the law of definite proportions
all sample of a given compound have the same porpotions of their elements
What is the law of multiple proportions
when two elements form two different compounds the masses of element B that combine with one gram of element A can be expressed as whole number ratios
What is dalton’s atomic theory
each element is composed of tiny particles called atoms, all atoms of a given element have the same mass, atoms combine in simple whole number raitos to form compounds, atoms of one element cannot change into atoms of another element
