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Psychology 201 > Test#1 > Flashcards

Test#1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Psychology?

A

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes

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2
Q

Behavior

A

Over actions and reactions

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3
Q

Mental Processes

A

Internal, covert activity of the mind

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4
Q

Scientific Goals

A
  • Prevent possible biases from leading to faulty observations
  • Precise and careful measurements
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5
Q

Description

A

what is happening?

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6
Q

Explanation

A

Why is it happening?

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7
Q

Prediction

A

Will it happen again?

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8
Q

Structuralism

A

Focused on structure or basic elements of the mind

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9
Q

Who was Wilhelm Wundt?

A

A psychologist during the mid 1800’s

THE FATHER OF MODERN PSYCHOLOGY

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10
Q

What was one of Wilhelm’s biggest accomplishments?

A

He created a lab in Germany in 1879

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11
Q

Wilhelm developed ____ Introspection. What is it?

A
  • objective

- Examine and measure personal thought and mental activities

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12
Q

Who was wundt’s student?

A

Ed Titcher

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13
Q

Edward Titcher _________ to america

A

Brought structuralism

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14
Q

Margaret Washburn was the _____________

A

1st women to earn a Ph.D. in psychology

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15
Q

She was ___’s Student

A

Titcher

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16
Q

When did Structuralism die out?

A

Early 1900’s

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17
Q

Functionalism focuses on.

A

Functions in the real world (how people adapt, live, work, and play)

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18
Q

Functionalism was proposed by _____

A

William James

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19
Q

What modern fields did functionalism influence?

A
  • Educational psychology
  • Evolutionary psychology
  • Industrial/organizational psychology
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20
Q

Max Wertheimer ___?

A
  • Perception can only be understood as a complete events

- Understanding patterns, whole figures

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21
Q

Gestalt translated in German means?

A

Organized whole

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22
Q

Ideas of Gestalt?

A
  • Ideas are how part of modern cognitive psychology

- Field focuses on perception learning, memory, thought processes, and problem solvery.

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23
Q

Psychoanalysis was developed by who?

A

Sigmund Freud

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24
Q

Ideas of Psychoanalysis?

A
  • Trained a physician
  • Worked w/ patients w/ nervous disorders
  • sigmund was thefather of psycho-dynamic theory/psychoanalysis
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25
Q

structuralism=

Functionalism =

A

what

why

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26
Q

The unconscious is where?

A

Where threatening impulses and desires are repressed (repressed urges create nervous disorders)

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27
Q

Freuds Concepts are?

A
  • STRESSED early childhood experiences

- Formed the basis of modern therapy

28
Q

Ivan Pavlov - Russion Psychologist

A
  • Studied digestive processes
  • Reflex can occur with new and new and unrelated stimulus
  • Conditioned dogs to salivate to a metronome
29
Q

Behaviorism

A
  • Psychology should focus on observable behavior
    I. must be directly seen and measured
    II. Ignore notion of unconscious
30
Q

John B. Watson (Behaviorism)

A
  • Believed Phobias were learned through conditioning
    I. Case of Little Albert
    A. Child conditioned to fear a white rat
31
Q

Mary Cover Jones (Counter-conditioning)

A

Showed us how to undo fear

32
Q

Seven Modern Perspectives

A
  1. Behavioral
  2. Biological
  3. Cognitive
  4. Evolutionary
  5. Humanistic
  6. Psycho-dynamic
  7. Sociocultural
33
Q

Psychiatrists

A

Medical Doctor, Specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders

34
Q

Psychoanalyst

A
  • Psychiatrist or a psychologist

- special training in freudian theory and psychoanylsis

35
Q

Psychiatric Social Worker

A
  • Social Worker trained in therapy methods
  • Focuses on the environmental conditions impacting mental disorders
  • Poverty, Over crowding, Stress, and drug abuse
36
Q

Psychologist

A
  • Academic Degree and specialized training in psychology
  • Working counseling, teaching and research
  • Specialization can include clinical, counseling, developmental, social, personality theory
37
Q

Descriptive Methods:

A

Naturalistic (observing humans or animals in their natural habitat)
Laboratory observations (watching humans or animals in a lab)
Survey (Researcher asks a series of questions about the topic under study

38
Q

What are the Types Descriptive Statistics

A
  • Frequencies
  • Measures of central tendency
  • Measures of dispersion
39
Q

How to find Frequencies?

A

Count the number of responses in a data set

40
Q

Measure of Central Tendency

A
  • Characterize the typical member of a group

- Give a best guess as to what an avg response might be

41
Q

3 ways to measure central tendencies are?

A
  • mean
  • median
  • mode
42
Q

How do you find mean?

A

The avg of the numbers in a dataset
(e.g. 22 took a test, total of all scores was 1596)
1596/22 = 73
73 is the mean

43
Q

How do you find median?

A

the middle score when scores are arranged
12 27 33 55 66 72 80 89 96 100 107
the median 72

44
Q

How do you find mode

A

The score that occurs most often in a data set
22 33 72 22 72 33 72 22 72 72
the mode is 72

45
Q

The bell shaped curve illustrates what?

A

distribution of scores and how closely scores are grouped around a measure of central tendency

46
Q

The bell shaped curve usually relates to the ______

A

Mean

47
Q

The 2 ways to prevent a distribution are?

A
  • Range

- Standard Deviation

48
Q

What is Range?

A

The distance between the lowest and highest number in a data set
100-48= 52

49
Q

When finding relationships you find a?

A

correlation

50
Q

Positive Correlation

A

Variables are related in the same direction

51
Q

Negative Correlation

A

Variables are related in opposite directions

52
Q

Is there a relationship between correlation and causation?

A

NOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

53
Q

Obtaining measures of variables of interest in multiple waves over time is (Long)

A

Longitudinal design

54
Q

The Experiment

A

Allows researcher to determine cause and effect, deliberate manipulation of variables

55
Q

Independent variables are

A

variables manipulated by the experimenter

56
Q

Dependent Variables

A

Represents measured response of the experimentor

57
Q

Experimental groups

A

Receives the manipulation

58
Q

What is the placebo effect?

A

Expectations of the participants can influence their behavior

59
Q

What is the experimenter effect?

A

Experimenter’s expectations can influence study

60
Q

Double blind studies are when?

A

Neither experimenter o participants know if they’re in an experimenter control group

61
Q

What is statistical significance?

A

Confidence that we have that our results are accurate and not by chance

62
Q

What significance represented by?

A

P value

63
Q

P values can range from?

A

0.00 to 1.00

64
Q

Psychological research looks for what in a P value?

A

mean

65
Q

What is the probability that results are due to chance is?

A

5%

66
Q

Power is in

A

NUMBeRs

67
Q

Power is having what?

A

enough data points to find a significant result if it exits

Psychology 201 (1 decks)

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