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Chemistry 101 > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

the study of nature

broken down into two areas: Alive or not

A

Natural Science

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2
Q

the study of nonliving things

Chemistry, Physics, Astronomy, Earth Science

A

Physical Science

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3
Q

the study of living things

Zoology, Botany, Microbiology

A

Microbiology

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4
Q

this is derived from the Latin word for knowledge

A

Science

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5
Q

The study of the composition, structure, and properties of MATTER and the transformation it undergoes

A

Chemistry

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6
Q

anything which occupies space

A

matter

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7
Q

the study of matter and ENERGY and their interactions

A

Physics

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8
Q

the ability to do work

A

energy

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9
Q 
a measure of the quantity of matter (grams) 
# of atoms it contains doesn't change
A

mass

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10
Q

a measure of the attractive force (gravity) of the earth on an object (pounds)
changes

A

Weight

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11
Q

the mass and object has per unit volume

M/V =

A

Density

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12
Q

a measure of the amount of space which matter occupies (liters of milliliters)

A

Volume

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13
Q

Density formula

A

D=m/v

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14
Q

the state of matter that has both a definite shape and definite volume
does not matter what container they are placed

A

Solid

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15
Q

the state of matter which has definite volume but no definite shape
they will take shape of their container

A

Liquid

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16
Q

the state of matter which had neither definite shape or volume
they will expand/ contract to fill the container

A

Gas

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17
Q

a substance which cannot ne subdivided into smaller components by chemical means
basic materials of nature
approximately 100 occur naturally on earth

A

element

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18
Q

the smallest portion of an element which can take part in a chemical reaction

A

atom

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19
Q

a substance which is a chemical combination of two or more elements

A

compound

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20
Q

the smallest portion of a compound that retains the properties of that compound

A

molecule

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21
Q

a non-chemical combination of materials that can be separated by physical means

A

mixture

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22
Q

a change in a substance which does not alter its chemical compostion

A

Physical change

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23
Q

a change in a substance involving an alteration in its chemical compostion

A

chemical change

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24
Q

matter can neither be created or dstroyed
Antonine lavosier
fixed amount on the universe

A

matter (mass)

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25
Q

energy cannot be created or desstroyed

A

energy

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26
Q

the chemistry of comunds that do not contain carbon

A

inorganic chemistry

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27
Q

the chemistry of carbon copunds

A

organic chemistry

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28
Q

they study of the physical changes associted with chemical reactions and the dependence of physical properties in chemical composition

A

physical chemistry

29
Q

the study of chemistry of living matter

A

Biohemistry

30
Q

the studyof the seperation and analysis of chemical substances
what it is make out of

A

Analytical chemistry

31
Q

used to identify the components of a substance ot mixture

A

Qualitative

32
Q

used to determine the amount or proportions of the components of a substance or mixture

A

Quantitative

33
Q

A way of looking at the world
The universe is a rational place
we are sart enough to understand the universe
Observation and experimentation are the best ways to that understanding

A

Philosophy of Science

34
Q

Father of philospohy
Came u with matter and the idea of laws of nature
prior to him nature phenomenia were blamed on the gods
(matter)

A

Thales

35
Q

Most famous
Teacher; est. the Academy
came up with the two realms of disclosure; observable, conceptual

A

Plato

36
Q

material things you can see and touch

A

observable

37
Q

ideas that are in your mind

A

conceptual

38
Q

Platos student
thogh the observable was more mportant
believed in observation
wrote encyclopedias

A

Aristotle

39
Q
  1. Gaather facts
  2. Rormulate hypotheses
  3. Test the competing hypothesus with more observations and experiements
  4. Upgrade hypothesis ; theory or law
A

Scienitfic Method

40
Q

has been tested and appears to be true

A

theory

41
Q

a general truth

A

law

42
Q

postively charged (+) , in nucleus , 1 amu

A

protons

43
Q

negatively charged (-), outside nucleus, 0 amu

A

electrons

44
Q

neutral (no charge) , in nucleus, 1 amu

A

neurtons

45
Q

the subatomic particles differ in two ways:

A

mass and charge

46
Q

a small center of an atom ( contains protons and neutrons)

A

nucleus

47
Q

they live in shells/ orbits that surround the nucleus

A

Electrons

48
Q

atoms are mostly

A

empty space

49
Q 
\_\_\_\_ determines the identity og the element 
Atomic number (at the top)
A

protons

50
Q

the second number found on the periodic table (bottom)

A

Atomic mass

51
Q

7 horizontal rows called

A

periods

52
Q

18 vertial colums called

A

groups

53
Q

elements in the same group are supposed to have similar chemical

A

properties

54
Q

represented on the PT by a stair step line starting at B and going to Po

A

metalloids

55
Q

1 st shell named _ shell ; can hold 2 electrons
2nd shell named _ shell ; can hold 8 electrons
3rd shell named _ shell ; can hold 18 electrons
4th shell named _ shell ; can hold 32 electrons

A

K
L
M
N

56
Q

What is it that akes element similar

A

of electrons in their last shell

57
Q

the ___ tells you how many shells the element has

A

period (row)

58
Q

the ___ tells you how many valence electrons an element has

A

group (column)

59
Q

hold atoms together in molcules

A

chemical bonds

60
Q

is essential when determining how bonds are made
full outer shell or eight electrons
there are exceptions to this rule

A

octet rule

61
Q

will give away or steal electrons to foow the octet rule

occur between metals and nonmetals

A

Ionic bonds

62
Q

charged atoms are called

A

ions

63
Q

postive ions are called

A

cations

64
Q

negative iions are called

A

anions

65
Q

atoms will share electrons so that they will each be following the octet rule come of the time
two nonmetals

A

covalent bonds

66
Q

atoms get stronger as you go ___ and ___

A

right and up

67
Q

ask yourself when looking @ molecule

1) is it covalent or ionc
2) if covalent polar or nonpolar

A

ask these questions

68
Q

these covalent bonds that involve unequal sharing of electrons are called (not the same element)

A

polar bonds

69
Q

covalent bonds that share close to 50-50 are (same element)

A

nonpolar bonds

Chemistry 101 (1 decks)

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