Test 1 Flashcards
1
Q
blocked meibomian gland
A
chalazion
2
Q
chalazion
A
nontender, painless nodule that is inside the lid
3
Q
trx for chalazion
A
warm, moist compress to eye 5-6x/day
4
Q
Hordeolum is caused by
A
Staph aureus
5
Q
internal hordeolum
A
chalazion
6
Q
external hordeolum
A
stye
7
Q
topical atbx are usually not effective for
A
hordeolum
8
Q
Red, inflamed eyelids with crusting
A
blepharitis
9
Q
risk factors for blepharitis
A
chalazion or hordeolum, immunocompromised, DM, acne
10
Q
S/S of blepharitis
A
itching, tearing, photophobia, absence of eyelashes
11
Q
main cause of viral conjunctivitis
A
adenovirus
12
Q
drainage in viral conjunctivitis
A
serous or serosanguinous
13
Q
symptoms of viral conjunctivitis last for
A
5-14 days
14
Q
nonpharm trx for viral conjunctivitis
A
cool compresses and artificial tears
15
Q
most common cause of bacterial conjunctivitis in children
A
H. influenza, Strep pneumonia
16
Q
most common cause of bacterial conjunctivitis adults
A
Staph aureus
17
Q
trx for bacterial conjunctivitis
A
trimethoprim-polymyxin B and fluoroquinolone gtts QID for 1 week
18
Q
trx for allergic conjunctivitis
A
fenofexadine or loratadine
19
Q
S/S of nasolacrimal duct obstruction
A
chronic tearing, eyelash debris, conjunctival injection;
20
Q
congential nasolacrimal duct obstruction closes by
A
6 months
21
Q
management for nasolacrimal duct obstruction
A
warm compress, massage
22
Q
infection of the anterior portion of the eyelid
A
preseptal cellulitis
23
Q
S/S of preseptal cellulitis
A
ocular pain, eyelid swelling and erythema
24
Q
causes of preseptal cellulitis
A
insect bite, eyelid trauma, Strep pneumnoia, Staph aureus
25
diagnosis of preseptal cellulitis
contrast CT of orbit and sinuses
26
trx for preseptal cellulitis
clindamycin
27
infection of the orbit
orbital cellulitis
28
Complications of orbital cellulitis
loss of vision
29
s/s of orbital cellulitis
eyelid weakness, pain with eye movement, vision impairment, sinusitis
30
blood cultures in adults with orbital cellulitis
negative
31
trx for orbital cellulitis
vancomycin + IV unasyn or zosyn
32
risk factors for cerumen impaction
hx of seborrheic dermatitis or psoriasis, Qtips, excessive swimming
33
causes of conductive hearing loss
foreign body, otitis media, perf eardrum, otosclerosis of ossicles
34
when hearing improves in noisy environment
conductive hearing loss
35
Weber test in conductive hearing loss
sound lateralizes to impaired ear
36
Rinne test in conductive hearing loss
BC > AC
37
causes of sensorineural hearing loss
loud noise exposure, trauma, aging
38
when hearing worsens in noisy enviornment
sensorineural hearing loss
39
Weber test in sensorineural hearing loss
sound lateralizes to good ear- damage to inner ear impairs transmission
40
Rinne test in sensorineural hearing loss
AC > BC
41
The ear canal is often swollen, narrowed, moist, pale, and tender. It may be reddened.
otitis externa
42
Bacterial causes of otitis externa
Pseudomonas
43
Fungal causes of otitis externa
Aspergillus
44
S/s of otitis externa
otalgia, redness/edema to ear canal, itching, purulent discharge, normal TM
45
Drops in otitis externa
lie with affected ear up and maintain position for 5 min.
46
trx for otitis externa
ciprofloxacin + hydrocortisone 3 gtts BID x 7 days
47
causes of otitis media
S. pneumonia and H. influenza
48
s/s of otitis media
earache, fever, hearing loss, red and bulging TM.
49
risk factors for otitis media
daycare, URI, allergic rhinitis, secondhand smoke, first ep of AOM
50
trx for AOM:
amoxicillin 875 mg PO bid x 5-7 days
51
trx for AOM with PCN allergy
azithromycin 500 mg PO daily x 3 days
52
complication of recurrent AOM
cholesteatoma
53
management of epistaxis
applying direct pressure for 15 min sitting upright and leaning forward.
54
trx for anterior nare epistaxis
silver nitrate stick
55
trx for posterior nare epistaxis
referral to hospital or ENT.
56
counseling for epistaxis
avoid alcohol, vigorous exercise, ASA, and spicy foods.
57
s/s of rhinitis
allergic shiners, conjunctival injection, pale/boggy turbinates, clear nasal drainage
58
give diphenhydramine cautiously in patients with
BPH, COPD, and glaucoma
59
topical nasal steroids for rhinitis
Budesonide, flonase, and nasonex
60
s/s of sinusitis
fever, yellow nasal discharge, sinus tenderness, cough
61
acute sinusitis is for less than
4 weeks
62
causes of sinusitis
Strep pna, H. influenza, M catarrhalis, rhinovirus
63
most common cause of sinusitis in smokers
H. influenza
64
s/s of bacterial infection of sinusitis
fever, purulent nasal discharge for > 10 days
65
rebound nasal congestion
caused by use of sympathomimetic sprays or decongestants for > 1 week
66
pharm trx options for sinusitis
amoxicillin, augmentin, azithromycin, levqaquin
67
most common age for epiglotitis
children age > 7
68
usually appears as a cottage cheese like lesion that is easily removed by a swab; the underlying tissue may bleed after manipulation
candida albicans
69
diagnosis of candida albicans
hyphae on microscopic evaluation
70
trx for candida albicans
nystatin 5 mL S&S 4xday
71
white patches on the oral mucosa that remains despite attempts to rub it off.
leukoplakia
72
Borrelia burgdorferi
spread in tick bites that can cause Lyme disease
73
s/s of lyme disease
erythema migrans, fatigue, headache, fever, body aches, joint pain
74
screening for lyme disease
ELISA followed by Western Blot
75
trx for Lyme disease
doxycycline 100 mg PO bid for 14 days
76
Rickettsia rickettsii
bacteria that causes Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
77
S/S of Mountain Spotted Fever
maculopapular rash begins around the wrist and ankles
78
number one cause of lower respiratory tract infection in children under one year old.
RSV
79
RSV s/s in children
PNA, wheezing, SOB
80
RSV s/s in adults
URI symptoms: cough, rhinorrhea, conjunctivitis, ear/sinus infections
81
trx not recommended for RSV
bronchodilators and corticosteroids
82
MRSA infected furuncles are resistant to
beta lactams and cephalosporins
83
trx for MRSA infected furuncles
clindamycin, Bactrim, Doxycycline
84
when to give HPV
age 9 in males and females
85
pencillin covers
gram +
86
extended spectrum PCN covers
gram+, gram -, beta lactam
87
Tetracyclines cover
gram -, atypical, MRSA
88
sulfonamides cover
gram -, MRSA
89
1st gen cephalosporins cover
gram +
90
2nd gen cephalosporins cover
gram+, gram -
91
3rd gen cephalosporins cover
weak gram +, gram -, b-lactam
92
azithromycin covers
gram +, gram -, atypicals
93
3rd generation fluoroquinolones cover
gram +, gram -, atypicals, b-lactam
94
rare retinal tumor in children
retinoblastoma
95
a patient with narrow angle glaucoma should avoid which OTC meds?
antihistamines and decongestants
96
used to measure intraoccular pressure
tonometer
97
acute conjunctivitis at birth may be caused by
N gonorrhea
98
loss of central vision
macular degeneration
99
age when vision progresses to 20/20 to 20/25
6 years
100
age when frontal sinuses develop
4-6 years
101
prophylaxis for allergic rhinitis
topical corticosteroid, mast cell stabilizer, saline rinses
102
rinne test is a test for
sensorineural hearing loss
103
s/s of otitis media with effusion
TM opaque, decrease TM mobility, bubbles
104
test to help confirm the presence of fluid in the middle ear
tympanometry
105
first DOC for otitis media
PCN
106
if there is atbx failure with otitis media, then add
b-lactamase coverage
107
if there is severe otalgia and fever in otitis media, then given an atbx that has
gram +, gram -, and beta lactam coverage
108
first line trx for bacterial pharyngitis
PCN
109
if there is a chronic or recurring pharyngitis, then
culture throat
110
most pharyngitis is
viral
111
beta lactam atbx
augmentin, 3rd or 4th gen cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones
112
grayish membrane on uvula and pharynx
diptheria
113
monospot is most likely to be positive ____ after infection
2-3 weeks
114
s/s of herpangina
sore throat, drooling, fever, ulcerations on tonsils and uvula, diarrhea, fever
115
hot potato voice indicates
peritonsillar abscess
116
cause of fifth's disease
parovirus 19
117
s/s of fifth's disease
slapped cheek, lacy rash on trunk and extremities
118
no longer communicable when rash erupts
fifth's disease
119
duration of fifth's disease
4-28 days
120
duration of herpangina
1 week
121
cause of roseola
human herpes virus 6
122
s/s of roseola
rose-pink maculopapular rash on trunk
123
red papules to soft palate or base of uvula in roseola
nagayama spots
124
cause of hand foot and mouth disease
coxsackie virus A16
125
cause of epiglottitis
H. influenza type B, strep, staph
126
s/s of epiglottitis
fever, stridor, drooling, beefy red pharynx, sniffing posture
127
s/s of peritonsillar abscess
unilateral sore throat, fever, cervical lymphadenopathy, trismus, uvula deviated to opposite side
128
cause of peritonsillar abscess
streptococcus
129
viral causes of pharyngitis
rhinovirus, adenovirus
130
bacterial causes of pharyngitis
GABHS, H. influenza, Mycoplasma
131
centor criteria
fever, anterior cervical lymphadenopathy, tonsillar exudate, absence of cough
132
s/s of viral pharyngitis
sore throat, pharyngeal edema, nasal congestion, cough, diarrhea, conjunctivitis
133
high risk of this with hand foot and mouth disease
dehydration d/t inability to swallow
134
common in women with Fifth's disease
arthralgias for up to 21 days
135
causes of herpangina
enterovirus 71, coxsackie A16 and B virus
136
s/s of roseola
fever for 2-3 days, then rash on trunk and arms
137
complication of rocky mountain spotted fever
vasculitis
138
varicella vaccine
given at 12-15 months then 4-6 years
139
"bull neck" noted in
diptheria
140
DTap schedule
2, 4, 6, 15-18 months, and 4-6 years
141
TDaP schedule
11-12 years, then booster of Td every 10 years
142
H. influenza type b most common in
children less than 5
143
Hib immunization given
2, 4, 12-15 months
144
non-typable H influenza is frequently the cause of
otitis media
145
MMR vaccine given at
12-15 months then 4-6 years
146
white spots that form inside mouth
Koplik spots in rubeola (measles)
147
common sign of mumps
tender and swollen salivary glands
148
PCV13 given in children at
2, 4, 6, 12-15 months
149
most common cause of diarrhea in children
rotavirus
150
rotavirus vaccine given at
2 and 4 months
151
triangular shaped thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva
pterygium
152
First line drug for management of allergic rhinitis
topical nasal steroid
153
how many doses of hep B for a normal child?
3
154
sickle cell disease is indicated for which vaccine?
PPSV23 and PCV13
155
which vaccine-preventable infections can result in cirrhosis and cancer of the liver?
hep B
156
The inactivated poliovirus vaccine creates neutralizing antibodies to the virus after which dose?
3rd dose
157
diphtheria can increase the risk of death d/t complications of the
cardiac system
158
Which serotype(s) of the human papilloma virus can cause cancer?
16 & 18
159
there is no vaccine for this virus
RSV
160
drugs that can cause fever of unknown origin
anticonvulsants, beta-lactams, sulfa, allopurinol, heparin
161
vaccines that contain live viruses
influenza, shingles, MMR, varicella, rotavirus, typhoid, and smallpox
162
these people should not receive live attenuated viruses
immuno-deficient
163
HPV type 6 and 11 cause
genital warts
164
trx for posthereptic neuralgis
TCA such as amitrypilline
