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PNS > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

0
Q

Where are the cell bodies of motor neurons located?

A

Brainstem and spinal cord (CNS)

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1
Q

Where are the cell bodies of sensory neurons located?

A

DRG

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2
Q

True or false? Preganglionic sympathetic neurons are located in the PNS?

A

False.
CNS (between T1-L2)
*side note: Postganglionic sympathetic neurons are in the PNS

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3
Q

True or false? Ganglia are groups of neurons in the PNS.

A

True

*side note: nuclei are groups of neurons in the CNS. Exception: basal ganglia is part of CNS even though it’s a ganglia

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4
Q

Name the three types of neurons and their functions.

A
  1. Pseudounipolar- modified bipolar neurons. Transmits sensory signals to receptors in the skin, joints, and muscles
  2. Bipolar- transmits signals for special senses
  3. Multipolar- these are your motor neurons (most common)
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5
Q

The PNS is derived from which type of cells?

A

Neural crest cells

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6
Q

The DRG is made up of what type of neurons?

A

Pseudounipolar

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7
Q

Which cells myelinate the PNS?

A

Schwann Cells

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8
Q

What is the functional organelle for energy production?

A

Mitochondria

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9
Q

Which type of neurons have multiple branches to the cell body that carry signals through the brain/spinal cord?

A

Multipolar

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10
Q

Cell bodies of the PNS are made up of…

A

Pseudounipolar and Multipolar neurons

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11
Q

What is the most common glial cell that causes brain tumors?

A

Atrocytes

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12
Q

The umbilicus is that which dermatome level?

A

T10

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13
Q

Multiple sclerosis is caused by a defect of…

A

The autoimmune system attacking Schwann cells

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14
Q

Which organelle forms glycoproteins and lysosomes?

A

Golgi body (apparatus)

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15
Q

The thick sheath covering a fascicle and nerve fibers is called…

A

Perineurium

16
Q

The minimum amount of neurons in a reflex is…

A

2

17
Q

Which zone of the neural tube do you find pluripotent stem cells?

A

Ventricular zone

18
Q

Satellite cells are similar to which cells of the CNS?

A

Astrocytes

19
Q

Which cells produce CSF?

A

Ependymal cells

20
Q

A strip of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve is called…

A

Dermatome

21
Q 
Which type of axons is largest in diameter?
A. Type A
B. Type B
C. Type C
D. Type D
A

A. Type A

*side note: largest = fastest

22
Q

Which type of axons have the slowest conduction speed?

A

Type C

*side note: slowest = smallest

23
Q 
Which type of motor neuron response to muscle stretch?
A. Alpha
B. Beta
C. Gamma
D. Fuck you
A

C. Gamma

*side note: this is the muscle spindle. The Golgi tendon responds to muscle contraction.

24
Q 
Golgi tendon organ is an example of...
A. Nociceptor
B. Mechanoreceptor
C. Free nerve ending 
D. Thermoreceptor
A

B. Mechanoreceptor

25
Q 
Which of the following sense pain and temperature?
A. Merkel cell
B. Free nerve endings 
C. Meissner's corpuscle 
D. Ruffini's corpuscle
A

B. Free nerve endings

26
Q 
Motor supply of the muscle spindle is supplied by...
A. Alpha type neurons
B. Beta type neurons 
C. Gamma type neurons 
D. Shit
A

C. Gamma type neurons

27
Q

True or false? Satellite cells cover neuronal cell bodies in the CNS.

A

False

PNS

28
Q 
Which neuronal layer covers only one fiber?
A. Epineurium 
B. Perineurium 
C. Endoneurium
D. Myelin sheath
A

C. Endoneurium

29
Q 
Multipolar neurons have several fibers that come off of one...
A. Cell body 
B. Dendrites
C. Motor end plate
D. Axon
A

A. Cell body

30
Q 
Which neuronal layer surrounds a fascicle?
A. Epineurium 
B. Perineurium 
C. Endoneurium
D. Myelin sheath
A

B. Perineurium

31
Q 
Which are small, unmyelinated sensory fibers that pick up on pain, temperature, and touch?
A. A type
B. B type
C. C type 
D. Shit balls
A

C. C type

32
Q

True or false? A type fibers are myelinated.

A

True

*side note: C type are unmyelinated

33
Q 
Satellite cells are analogous to...
A. Schwann cells
B. Oligodendrocytes
C. Astrocytes 
D. Ependymal cells
A

C. Astrocytes

*side note: analogous means similar in function but not anatomy, where homologous is visa versa.

34
Q 
Astrocytomas account for what percentage of brain tumors?
A. 3%
B. 8%
C. 23%
D. 50%
A

C. 23%

*side note: ependyoma = 8%, oligodendroglioma = 3%

35
Q 
Which level is the cauda equina located?
A. L5-S2
B. L2-S5
C. L1-S5
D. L2-S2
A

D. L2-S2

36
Q 
Which fiber type responds to muscle stretch in the patellar reflex?
A. Alpha
B. Beta
C. Gamma
D. Nuieefberiaulcbaeilrurv
A

A. Alpha

37
Q 
Which glial cell myelinates the CNS?
A. Astrocytes
B. Ependymal cells
C. Oligodendrocytes
D. Microglia
A

C. Oligodendrocytes

38
Q

True or false? Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease of the CNS?

A

True
*side note: Guillain-Barre Syndrome is an autoimmune disease of the PNS. Both are characterized by similar symptoms (loss of reflex, muscle weakness etc…)

PNS (1 decks)

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