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Pharmacology > Test #1 > Flashcards

Test #1 Flashcards

0
Q

What are the normal therapeutic drug levels of digoxin should be between

A

0.8 and 2ng/ml

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1
Q

What are the indications of digoxin?

A

Heart failure

Atrial fibrillation and flutter

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2
Q

Contraindications of Digoxin

A

Known allergy
Atrial fib
Heart failure resulting from diastolic dysfunction

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3
Q

Adverse effect of digoxin

A

Drug levels must be monitored
Low K levels
Electrolyte levels must be monitored
Coloured vision fatigue confusion anorexia, nausea

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4
Q

Interactions of digoxin

A 
Anti dysthymia
Calcium 
Lax 
Loop diuretics 
B blockers 
Amirodorne 
Verapamil
Thiazide diuretics
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5
Q

Nitrates mechanism of action

A

Cause vasodilation due to relaxation of SM in reducing mycardial oxygen demand

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6
Q

Rapid acting nitrates are used for

A

Acute anginal attack

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7
Q

Long acting nitrates are used for

A

Prevention

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8
Q

Nitrates are able to bypass the first pass effect and the

A

Bypass the liver

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9
Q

Sulfonylures are what?

A

Stimulate insulin secretion from B cells of the pancreas and also may enhance actions of insulin to the muscle liver and adipose tissue

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10
Q

A pt with type 2 diabetes has hypertension BP goal for him would be less than

A

130/180 mm HG

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11
Q

A pt is being treated for a hypertensive emergency what drug should be used

A

Sodium nitroprusside ( nipride)

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12
Q

When monitoring a pt for hypokalemia related to diuretic use the nurse should look for signs of

A

Muscle weakness and lethargy

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13
Q

Calcium channel blockers

A

PINE

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14
Q

ABR’s

A

“TAN”

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15
Q

Loop diuretics include

A

Furosemide

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16
Q

ACE inhibitors

A

PRILS

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17
Q

Beta Blockers

A

OLOL, metoprolol, time lol, acebutolol

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18
Q

Alpha 1 blockers

A

“Zonins” terazosin

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19
Q

Anticoagulant included

A

Blood thinners, heparin, loveonox and warfarin

20
Q

Calcium channel blockers do what?

A

Decrease BP

21
Q

Ace inhibitors due what

A

Decrease peripheral resistance and blood volume

22
Q

Beta blockers due what

A

Decrease hHR

23
Q

Thiazide diuretics are

A

“Ide” indapamide, hydro

24
Q

K sparing diuretics include

A

Spirolactone and amiloride

25
Q

Adrenergic drugs produce what effects

A

Glycogenolysis and increase HR

26
Q

What Adrenergic drugs may be used to treat which of the conditions

A

Asthma, glaucoma and nasal congestions

27
Q

A dose of epinephrine that is too high the nurse should monitor what should the nurse expect to see from this patient

A

Hypertension/hypotension, seizures, or other toxic effects

28
Q

Why is salbutamol given via inhalation rather than orally

A

Salbutamol given via inhalation has on onset quicker than if given via orally

29
Q

Adrenergic blockade at the a-Adrenergic receptors leads to what effect

A

Vasodilation, decreased BP, constriction of the pupil

30
Q

The nurse will prepare to give which drug to a patient who is experiencing a cholinergic crisis

A

Atropine

31
Q

List the effects of cholinergic poisoning (SLUDGE)

A

Salivation, lacromination, urinary incont, diarrhea, gastro cramps

32
Q

Before giving an anticholinergic drug the the nurse should check the patients history for what?

A

Glaucoma

33
Q

Detroit causes what?

A

Inability to sweat

34
Q

The purpose of antianginal medication therapy does what

A

Increases blood flow to ischemia cardiac output

35
Q

Patients taking b blockers for angina need to be taught

A

They are taken for long term prevention of angina episodes

36
Q

Other then nitro which class of drugs is typically good for chronic stable angina

A

B blockers

37
Q

What are adverse effects of ace inhibitors

A

Fatigue, headache and a dry cough

38
Q

Which antihypertensive we considered more effective in white patients than black patients

A

B blockers and ace inhibitors

39
Q

What antihypertensive are considered more effective in black patients than in white patients

A

Calcium channel blockers and diuretics

40
Q

Diuretics that act on the distal convoluted tubule where they inhibit sodium and water resorption

A

Thiazides (hydro)

41
Q

What indications for the use of diuretics are expected

A

To increase urine output
To treat hypertension
To treat open angle glaucoma
To treat edema associated with heart failure

42
Q

When providing patient teaching to a patient who is taking a potassium sparing diuretics such as spironolactone the nurse should include which of the following

A

The patient should avoid food high in potassium

43
Q

What conditions is the use of anticoagulant appropriate for

A

Atrial fibrillation
Myocardial infarction
Presence of a mechanical heart valve

44
Q

When administering sq heparin the nurse should remember to do what

A

Inject med without aspirating for blood return

45
Q

During thrombolytic the nurse should monitor for bleeding which symptoms could indicate a serious bleed

A

Hypotension
Decrease level of consciousness
Increase pulse rate
Restlessness

46
Q

What is the antidote for heparin

A

Protamine

47
Q

What is the antidote for warfarin

A

Vitamin k

Pharmacology (2 decks)

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