Test #1 Flashcards
What are the normal therapeutic drug levels of digoxin should be between
0.8 and 2ng/ml
What are the indications of digoxin?
Heart failure
Atrial fibrillation and flutter
Contraindications of Digoxin
Known allergy
Atrial fib
Heart failure resulting from diastolic dysfunction
Adverse effect of digoxin
Drug levels must be monitored
Low K levels
Electrolyte levels must be monitored
Coloured vision fatigue confusion anorexia, nausea
Interactions of digoxin
Anti dysthymia Calcium Lax Loop diuretics B blockers Amirodorne Verapamil Thiazide diuretics
Nitrates mechanism of action
Cause vasodilation due to relaxation of SM in reducing mycardial oxygen demand
Rapid acting nitrates are used for
Acute anginal attack
Long acting nitrates are used for
Prevention
Nitrates are able to bypass the first pass effect and the
Bypass the liver
Sulfonylures are what?
Stimulate insulin secretion from B cells of the pancreas and also may enhance actions of insulin to the muscle liver and adipose tissue
A pt with type 2 diabetes has hypertension BP goal for him would be less than
130/180 mm HG
A pt is being treated for a hypertensive emergency what drug should be used
Sodium nitroprusside ( nipride)
When monitoring a pt for hypokalemia related to diuretic use the nurse should look for signs of
Muscle weakness and lethargy
Calcium channel blockers
PINE
ABR’s
“TAN”
Loop diuretics include
Furosemide
ACE inhibitors
PRILS
Beta Blockers
OLOL, metoprolol, time lol, acebutolol
Alpha 1 blockers
“Zonins” terazosin
Anticoagulant included
Blood thinners, heparin, loveonox and warfarin
Calcium channel blockers do what?
Decrease BP
Ace inhibitors due what
Decrease peripheral resistance and blood volume
Beta blockers due what
Decrease hHR
Thiazide diuretics are
“Ide” indapamide, hydro
K sparing diuretics include
Spirolactone and amiloride
Adrenergic drugs produce what effects
Glycogenolysis and increase HR
What Adrenergic drugs may be used to treat which of the conditions
Asthma, glaucoma and nasal congestions
A dose of epinephrine that is too high the nurse should monitor what should the nurse expect to see from this patient
Hypertension/hypotension, seizures, or other toxic effects
Why is salbutamol given via inhalation rather than orally
Salbutamol given via inhalation has on onset quicker than if given via orally
Adrenergic blockade at the a-Adrenergic receptors leads to what effect
Vasodilation, decreased BP, constriction of the pupil
The nurse will prepare to give which drug to a patient who is experiencing a cholinergic crisis
Atropine
List the effects of cholinergic poisoning (SLUDGE)
Salivation, lacromination, urinary incont, diarrhea, gastro cramps
Before giving an anticholinergic drug the the nurse should check the patients history for what?
Glaucoma
Detroit causes what?
Inability to sweat
The purpose of antianginal medication therapy does what
Increases blood flow to ischemia cardiac output
Patients taking b blockers for angina need to be taught
They are taken for long term prevention of angina episodes
Other then nitro which class of drugs is typically good for chronic stable angina
B blockers
What are adverse effects of ace inhibitors
Fatigue, headache and a dry cough
Which antihypertensive we considered more effective in white patients than black patients
B blockers and ace inhibitors
What antihypertensive are considered more effective in black patients than in white patients
Calcium channel blockers and diuretics
Diuretics that act on the distal convoluted tubule where they inhibit sodium and water resorption
Thiazides (hydro)
What indications for the use of diuretics are expected
To increase urine output
To treat hypertension
To treat open angle glaucoma
To treat edema associated with heart failure
When providing patient teaching to a patient who is taking a potassium sparing diuretics such as spironolactone the nurse should include which of the following
The patient should avoid food high in potassium
What conditions is the use of anticoagulant appropriate for
Atrial fibrillation
Myocardial infarction
Presence of a mechanical heart valve
When administering sq heparin the nurse should remember to do what
Inject med without aspirating for blood return
During thrombolytic the nurse should monitor for bleeding which symptoms could indicate a serious bleed
Hypotension
Decrease level of consciousness
Increase pulse rate
Restlessness
What is the antidote for heparin
Protamine
What is the antidote for warfarin
Vitamin k
