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Cleft palate > Test # 1 > Flashcards

Test # 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What structure is made up of mucosa, glandular tissue, adipose, is vascular and has no function?

A

The uvula

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2
Q

What are the three parts that make up the pharynx (hint: they all have pharynx at the end of the name)?

A

oropharynx
nasopharynx
hypopharynx

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3
Q

what structure connects the middle ear with the pharynx?

A

Eustachian tube

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4
Q

what are the muscles of the VP?

A
  • Levator Veli palatine (velar elevation)
  • Superior pharyngeal constrictor (constricts pharyngeal walls to narrow vp against)
  • palatopharyngeus (narrow pharynx)
  • musculus uvulae (“bulges for seal on nasal surface)
  • Tesnor Veli Palatini (open e-tube)
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5
Q

Which muscle of the VP provides velar elevation?

A

Levator Veli Palatini

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6
Q

which muscle constricts the pharyngeal walls to narrow the VP against?

A

Superior Pharyngeal constrictor

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7
Q

which muscle of the VP narrows the pharynx?

A

palatopharyngeus

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8
Q

which muscle of the VP bulges for seal on nasal surface?

A

musculus uvulae

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9
Q

which muscle of the VP is responsible for opening the Eustachian tube?

A

Tensor Veli Palatini

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10
Q

Which cranial nerves innervate the VP (motor)?

A

Glossopharyneal (IX)
Vagus (x)
Trigeminal (V)
Facial (VII)

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11
Q

Which cranial nerves provide sensory innervation to the VP?

A

Vagus (X)

Glossopharyngeal (IX)

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12
Q

What are the physiological subsystems for speech?

A 
Respiration
Phonation
Resonation 
Articulation 
Prosody
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13
Q

what is passavants ridge?

A

shelf-like ridge of muscle projection from the posterior pharyngeal wall into the pharynx (some people have it and some people don’t)

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14
Q

True or false… the VP must be completely closed before phonation begins

A

True

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15
Q

What are the closure variations of the VP?

A

coronal, sagittal, circular, circular w/passavants ridge

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16
Q

what are some factors that affect VP function?

A
  • lack of muscle bulk (esp. levator)
  • Abnormal muscle insertion
  • malposition of repaired muscle (after surgery)
  • scar tissue (velum) -stiff doesn’t allow velum to move like it should
  • less faucial piller pressure
  • short velum
  • deep pharynx
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17
Q

Growth and age can cause changes in VP function what are some of those changes?

A
  • facial bones continue to grow into early adulthood (can change Vp function)
  • pharynx: newborn 4 cm long adults 20 cm long (5xs as long)
  • nasopharynx: infancy> adulthood=+80% volume
18
Q

True or fals…Vp function can deteriorate due to aging

A

FALSE Vp function does not deteriorate as a factor of aging!!!

19
Q

What is a cleft?

A

an abnormal opening (fissure) in an anatomical structure that is typically closed
(failure of parts to fuse at midline)
(all structures are present but not fused or developed normally)

20
Q

what are some causes of a cleft?

A 
-embryologic under-development
  (cell migration delay/cell disruption)
-chromosomal disorders
-genetic disorders
-maternal factors
-environmental teratogens
21
Q

what are some maternal factors that could cause a cleft?

A
  • older age
  • utero factors
  • maternal malnutrition
22
Q

what are some environmental teratogens that can cause cleft?

A
  • cigarette smoke
  • Dilantin
  • thalidomide
  • valium
  • lead
  • corticosteroids
23
Q

what is a primary cleft palate involve?

A

cleft of lip and alveolus

24
Q

can primary clefts be complete and incomplete

A

yes

25
Q

what does a primary complete cleft go through to?

A

incisive foramen

26
Q

what is a primary incomplete cleft a cleft of?

A

the lip only!

27
Q

Can a primary cleft be unilateral and bilateral?

A

yes

28
Q

what is a secondary cleft?

A

a cleft of the hard palate and velum

29
Q

what are the types of secondary clefts (2)?

A

complete or incomplete

30
Q

what does a secondary complete cleft involve?

A

its a cleft involving uvula to incisive foramen

31
Q

secondary cleft palates can be with or without cleft lip!

A

True

32
Q

there are two types of submucous clefts what are they?

A

overt

occult

33
Q

what is an overt submucous cleft?

A

can identify through an intraoral exam

  • bifid uvula
  • zona pellucida (bluish area in the middle of the velum at rest)
  • posterior hard palate notch
34
Q

what is an occult submucous cleft?

A

hidden on the nasal surface you identify these through nasoendoscopy

35
Q

what is the prevelance of cleft lip?

A

1:700 (over 5000 in the us each year)

36
Q

what is the prevelance of cleft lip and or/ cleft palate?

A

1/5000
and 1/1000 for cleft lip and/or cleft palate

1/2500 for cleft palate alone

37
Q

what cultural groups is cleft palate more common in?

A

Asians 1:500

certain American indian groups 1:300

38
Q

what is the prevelance among Caucasians?

A

1:800

39
Q

which cultural group does cleft occur the least

A

African americans (1:2000)

40
Q

is cleft lip and cleft palate more common in boys or girls>

A

more common in boys 3:2 ratio

Cleft palate (1 decks)

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