Test 1 Flashcards
What are the two biggest challenges for new teachers today?
- 1 in every 5 children in the public school is from an immigrant family.
- 17% of PS students live in proverbs
What is one thing beginning teachers are shocked by?
By the contrasts between their pre-service education and the complexity of the teaching profession.
What does NCLB stand for?
No Child Left Behind
What is INTASC?
Interstate New Teacher Assessment and Support Consortium
List the 4 types of educational research with a brief description.
- Descriptive-what is occurring naturally
- Correlational-Relationships are examined.
- Experimental-Casual relationships are examined,independent variables chosen and dependent variables are manipulated.
- Action-teachers conduct in their own classroom to gauge effectiveness.
Professional knowledge
- content knowledge
* knowledge about learners
What is the definition of educational psychology?
Is the systematic study of human development behavior as it relates to education, training, or other academic setting.
Two main divisions of educational psychology.
- Human development
* learning
What are the 4 main goals of educational psychology.
- Describe
- Understand
- Predict
- Control behavior.
What is constructivism.
A view of learning that suggests that learners create their own knowledge of the topics they study rather than having the knowledge transmitted or delivered to them.
What is cognitive constructivism and who developed it?
Is based in the works of Piaget, focuses on individual, internal construction of knowledge
What are the two different metaphors used by Piaget and Vygosky for constructivist education?
“Child as scientist”
“Learner as communicator”
What is social constructivism and who developed it?
Suggests that learners first construct knowledge in a social context and then “own” it.
What is the difference between constructivism and direct instruction?
- direct instruction is teacher or curriculum centered.
* constructivist learning is learner centered.
What is pedagogy?
Literally means the art and science of educating children.
Andragogy
Mainly used by adult educators to describe the theory of adult learning.
What is scaffolding?
Any type of assistance used to make the learner through the ZPD.
What is Zone of proximal Development?
Difference between the tasks an individual can preform at his or her developmental level and the tasks or performance possible with the assistance of a skilled partner.
What is the role of the teacher in a constructivist classroom?
- Mentor
- Coach
- Facilitator
- Recourse person
What is sterotype?
A rigid, over simplistic, and inevitability inaccurate representation of any particular group of individuals.
What is culture?
Refers to the behavior patterns, beliefs, and other products of a particular group of people that are passed on from generation to generation.
What is dialect?
A special form of language with distictive pronunciations and grammatical structures.
What is the achievement gap?
Is commonly used to describe the difference in academic achievement between African- American or latino american students and white, middle SES students.
What is ESL?
Considered to be learning English as a second language, in the classroom they will be taught using both English and home language.
What is ELL?
Is emersion; students will be in an english only classroom
What is Gender?
Traits and behaviors that a particular culture believes to be appropriate for men or women.
What is sex?
The biological difference between men and women.
How do boys and girls use computers?
Boys-for games
Girls-for word processing
What is androgyny?
When a person adopts the best traits of both genders or appears to be gender-less.
What is ethnicity?
Refers to a shared pattern of characteristics such as cultural heritage, nationality, race, religion, and language.
What is bi-dialectism?
When a learner is able to decide which language dialect to use based on circumstance.
What is cultural Inversion?
When groups adopt the manners and mores of the dominant culture and are rejected by peers.
How do high school teachers tend to interact differently with boys and girls?
May scold girls or admonish them to raise their hands when calling out answers and tend to accept called out answers from boys.
Which gender do most high school teachers in general interact with most?
Boys
What is intelligence and what are the 3 dimensions.
- the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills.
1. the capacity to acquire knowledge
2. the ability to think and reason in the abstract
3. the capacity for solving problems.
Who are the four historic intelligence theorists we learned about?
- Spearman
- R.Cattell
- Thurstone
- wechsler
Which of the theorists developed the two-factor theory of intelligence?
Spearman
Which theorists developed and researched crystallized and fluid intelligence.
R. Cattell
What is the difference between crystallized and fluid intelligence?
- Fluid-reflects general ability an adaptability to novel tasks.
- Crystallized- reflects people’s experiences.
Who are the 3 contemporary intelligence theorists we studied?
- Guilford
- Sternberg
- Gardner
Who developed the first IQ test?
Alfred Binet
Which is more powerful and accurate, an individual administered IQ test or a group administered IQ test?
Individual administered
What are the 3 Wechsler scales?
- WPPSI-Weshcler Pre-Primary scale of intelligence 3-6
- WISC-III- Wechsler Intelligence Scale for children 6-16
- WAIS- Weshcler Adult Intelligence Scale
List Howard Gardner’s 8 Multiple intelligence
- Linguistic
- Musical
- Bodily Kinesthetic
- Intrapersonal
- Logical
- Existential
- Naturalist
- Intrapersonal
What four types of giftedness does the USDOE recognize?
- Intellectual
- Creative
- Specific academic area
- Leadership
- Performing
What is creativity?
Generating new ideas, combining ideas in a novel way or coming up with unique ways to solve problems.
What are the 4 P’s of creativity?
- Person
- Product
- Process
- Press
How do creativity and intellectual giftedness differ?
Creative giftedness refers to people who are divergent thinkers and who create unique, unusual and useful works.
Intelligence is the ability to acquire knowledge.
What does Tag stand for? and what grades does it cover?
Talented and Gifted, K-8th
What usually happens to TAG students when they enter high school?
They go to AP or honor classes
What are two common strategies for gifted students?
- acceleration-the students are given a normal course but the presentation of the material is sped up.
- enrichment-students are taught a normal course but activists are added to enhance the understanding and application of what they learn.
List 6 characteristics of gifted and talented learners.
- ability to learn at a faster pace than peers.
- process info more deeply
- ability to think creatively, deeply, independent
- attracted to complexity, good at problem solving
- seek challenging activities
- above average verbal skills
7 ways you might promote learning for gifted students
- involve students in planning their own curriculum, goals and assignments.
- use contracts to help facilitate self-directed learning
- assign students individual study and research projects
- encourage supplemental reading and writing
What is ability grouping?
a method in which students of similar abilities are placed into groups so that instruction can be matched to the group needs
What is within-class ability grouping?
Includes presenting a lesson to the whole class and then placing students into small groups for specific activities based on their prior knowledge and demonstrated performance.
What percentage of students are gifted? What about above average?
- 2% gifted
* 16% above average
What is resilience?
Is a learner characteristic that, despite adversity, raises the likelihood of success in school in later life.
What is the definition of at-risks according to Eggen & Kauchak?
Are learners in danger of failing to complete their education with the skills necessary to succeed in today’s society.
What are some of the most important strategies of effective schools when dealing with at-risk students?
- Are orderly and structured with reasonable rules of conduct
- teachers have high expectations
- have assignments with challenge, structure and support
What are some services that at-risk students need?
- extra support services
- case management
- tutors
- mentors
What is the definition of learning style?
Is a broad term that concerns the habitual ways that individuals take in information from the environment and the ways they may process that information.
What is differentiated instruction?
Instructional strategies that invite teachers to respond to students’ individual difference in readiness, interest or learning style profile.
What are the four domains of learning styles?
- affective
- cognitive
- biological
- multiple frameworks
What are the 5 levels of learning styles addressed by Dunn & Dunn?
- Environmental-sound
- Emotional-motivation
- Sociological-self
- Perceptual-perceptual
- psychological-global
What is pre-referral?
A process where interventions are first attempted in general education before a student is refereed for special evaluation to reduce the likelihood of inappropriate referrals.
What are the 4 steps to writing an IEP?
- Notifying the parents about the proposed evaluation and obtaining their written consent.
- Conducting an evaluation by a school psychologist.
- Examining the evaluation results with family members to determine whether the student is eligible of special education services.
- Preparing the IEP in collaboration with the IEP team within 30 days.
What is an IEP?
Individual Educational Plan objectives are a legal requirement for SPED learners.
What is a current term used for mental retardation?
Intellectual disability
What is the definition of emotional disturbance?
Show serious and persistent age-appropiate behaviors that adversely affect their ability to learn and get along with others.
What might you do to assist in learning for ADD/ADHD individuals
- Break down assignments into smaller components
- Use flashcards and drills to develop automatic skills and confidence
- teach them how to “self-talk” to monitor performance
What are anxiety disorder?
A negative affective state that involves a vague, highly unpleasant feeling of fear and apprehension.
What is autism spectrum disorder?
Are characterized by extreme social withdrawal and deficiencies in cognitive and language process.
What was the law that was first enacted to insure a free public education to those with disabilities?
*IDEA, 1997
What is IDEA and what are the current provisions?
Individuals with disabilities act.
All children Pre-K to 12 should receive a free and appropriate education in the LRE
What is an M-team
a group of interested adults, who can plan the learners IEP and monitor their progress
What is LRE?
Least restrictive environment
What is the difference between mainstreaming and inclusion?
- Mainstreaming-special learners attend regular classes in art,music,PE but may be in resource classes for academic subjects.
- inclusion-all learners are in the regular classroom regardless of disability.
What is dyslexia?
difficulty encoding letters and or words
What is dyscalculia?
difficulty encoding numbers or sequences of numbers
What is dysgraphia?
physical inability to write
What is spina bifida?
A birth defect in which a developing baby’s spinal cord fails to develop properly
