test 1 Flashcards
Rhetoric
oratory- the practice of giving speeches
where are the roots of public speaking found?
Greece and Rome
legal speech used in the courts of major crime
forensic oratory
deliberative oratory
used in legislative or political contexts
form/style of oratory used in special ceremonies
epideictic oratory
invention
adapting speech information to the audience in order to make your case
organizing the speech in ways that are best suited to the topic and the audience
arrangement
style
the way the speaker uses language to express the speech ideas
memory
the practice of the speech until it can be artfully delivered
delivery
the vocal and nonverbal behavior you use when speaking
4 forms of communication
dyadic communication
small group communication
mass communication
public speaking
what does it mean to be an inclusive speaker?
you understand the culture and the background of those you are addressing, you consider other points of view
how do you develop an effective oratory style?
constantly asking yourself how you can offer something of value to the audience
getting to know your listeners relative to the topic and speech occasion
audience analysis
what generally makes people anxious regarding public speaking?
- lack of experience
- feeling different
- being the center of attention
what are the different stages of speaking anxiety?
pre-preparation
preparation
pre-performance
performance
what are the 3 presentations of a speech that each persons has?
the one you prepared
the one you gave
the one you wish you gave
derived from the Greek work ethos
ethics
what does ethos mean?
character
who has speaker credibility?
those who…
- have a solid grasp of subject
- display sound reasoning skills
- honest and straightforward
- interested in welfare of listeners
enduring judgements or standards of whats good and bad in life
values
how do values play a role in public speaking?
it is important to both respect your listeners values, and bring your own values into vocus
3 forms of illegal speach
fighting words
slander
reckless disregard for truth
speech involving issues of importance to the larger community
public discourse
what is a conversations stopper
something said or presented designed to stop the current conversation on a topic
ensuring that your listeners feel worth, honored, or respected as individuals
dignity
integrity
avoiding compromising the truth for the stake of personal expediency
combination of honestly and dependability
trustworthiness
heckler’s veto
drowning out a speaker’s message with which you disagree
effect of heckler’s veto
robs us of the ability to make up our minds about an issue and silences the free expression of ideas
acting as if everyone shares your point of view and points of reference
ethnocentrism
what is plagiarism?
the passing off of another person’s information as one’s own
what are two forms of plagiarism?
wholesale and patch write plagarism
true or false: if a source requires written credit, that is enough, you do not need to give verbal credit
false. oral and verbal acknowledgement are needed
legal protection afforded by original creators of literary and artistic works
copy write
intellectual property
the ownership of an individuals creative expression
doctrine of fair use
permits the limited use of copywriter works without permission for the purpose of scholarship, teaching, research, etc.
arrangement
the strategic process of deciding how to order speech points into a coherent and convincing pattern for your topic and audience
the physical process of plotting those speech points on the page in hierarchical order of importance
outlining
what are the parts of a speech?
into
body
conclusion
points
main points
supporting points
sub point
unity
when a speech contain only those points that are implied by the purpose and thesis statements
speech is organized clearly and logically
coherence
transitions
serve as logical bridges that help establish coherence
balance
when a speech appropriately distributes the weight of each part of the speech relative to the other parts and the theme
two different types of outlines
working outline and speaking outline
3 formats of outlines
sentence
phrase
key word
parts of the conclusion
- signal closing
- summarize key points and goals
- reiterste thesis
- challenge audience to respond
what are some ways to make a conclusion memorable?
quotations,
stories
rhetorical question
why is it important to develop supporting material?
illustrates and elaborates
proves statements
arouses interest
two categories of testimonies
experts and lay
findings, eye witness accounts or opinions by professional trained to evaluate a given topic
expert
testimony give by non-experts such as eyewitnesses that can reveal compelling firsthand info that may be unavailable to others
lay testimony
statistics
quantified data
actual events dates times people and people
facts
tactic often used by politicians: choosing what to share and what not to share
cherry picking
two different of sources
primary and secondary
firsthand or direct evidence of events
primary
analysis or commentary about phenomena produced by others
secondary
give some examples of secondary sources
databases, books, blogs, etc.
primary source examples
interviews and survey
information
data presented in a context
propaganda
information distributed in such a way to provoke a desired response
misinformation
always refers to something that is not true
always refers to something that is not true
misinformation
