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Psychology Test 1 > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Psychology?

A

Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

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2
Q

What is the scientific method?

A

Use of systematic methods to observe the natural world including human behavior

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3
Q

What is behavior?

A

Everything we do that can be observed?

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4
Q

What are the two types of behavior?

A

Voluntary and involuntary

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5
Q

What are mental processes?

A

Thoughts, feelings, and motives experienced privately that cannot be directly observed

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6
Q

What are the four purposes of Psychology?

A
  • Measure and describe
  • Predict and control
  • Explain and understand
  • Change behavior
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7
Q

When did psychology as a scientific discipline emerge?

A

Late 19th Century

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8
Q

Psyche means

A

mind

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9
Q

Logos means

A

the study of

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10
Q

Who argued that the mind and body are completely separate?

A

Rene Descartes

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11
Q

When did Western Philosophy come of age?

A

4th and 5th centuries B.C.

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12
Q

Who is the Father of Psychology?

A

Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920)

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13
Q

What are the two original movements of Psychology?

A

Structuralism and Functionalism

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14
Q

What is structuralism?

A

Identifies the structures of the human mind into basic components through introspection

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15
Q

What is functionalism?

A

Study of the functions and purposes, mental processes that serve in enabling people to adapt to their environment

  • focused on human interaction
  • mind is flexible and fluid - characterized by constant change in response to continuous flow of information
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16
Q

Who is the Father of American Psychology?

A

William James (1842-1910)

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17
Q

What was the cognitive revolution?

A

The study of our mental processes in the broadest sense: thinking, feeling, learning, remembering, making decisions and judgements and so on.

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18
Q

What is neuroscience?

A

The scientific study of the structure, function, development, genetics, and biologic chemistry of the nervous system.

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19
Q

What is the behavioral approach?

A

An approach to psychology emphasizing the scientific study of observable behavioral responses and their environmental determinants.

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20
Q

What psychologist is associated with Behaviorism?

A

B.F. Skinner (1904-1990)

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21
Q

What is Psychodynamic approach?

A

An approach emphasizing unconscious thought, the conflict between biological drives (e.g. sex) and society’s demands, and early childhood experiences.

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22
Q

Who is the founding father of psychodynamic approach?

A

Sigmund Freud

23
Q

What is the humanistic approach?

A

An approach that emphasizes a person’s positive qualities, the capacity for positive growth, and FREEDOM to choose one’s destiny.

24
Q

What is cognitive approach?

A

An approach that emphasizes the mental processes involved in knowing: how we direct our attention, perceive, remember, think, and solve problems.

25
What is evolutionary psychology?
A psychological approach that explains mind and behavior in terms of the adaptive value of abilities that are preserved over time by natural selection. -"Survival of the fittest"
26
What is the sociocultural approach?
An approach that examines the ways in which social and cultural environments influence behavior.
27
Positive Approach
- Love - Hope - Happiness - Peace
28
What are the major subfields in Psychology?
- Clinical - Developmental - Social - Industrial/Organizational - Experimental - Neuroscience
29
Clinical Psychology
- Study mental disorders | - Learn to be clinical therapists
30
Developmental Psychology
-Study typical development
31
Social Psychology
-Study Typical Adult Behavior
32
Industrial/Organizational Psychology
-Study workplace behavior and relations
33
Experimental Psychology
- Study fundamental components of behavior | - Emphasis on developing new methodology
34
Neuroscience
- Study relationships between anatomy, genes, physiology, and behavior - Mostly animal research
35
What is Gestalt Psychology?
See information as a whole | -Mind is trained to see patterns
36
What is the scientific method?
An approach to knowledge that relies on collecting data, generating a theory to explain the data, producing testable hypotheses based on theory, and testing those hypotheses empirically.
37
What are the five steps of the scientific method?
1. Observe some phenomenon 2. Formulate hypotheses and predictions 3. Testing through empirical research 4. Drawing conclusions 5. Evaluating a theory
38
Define Variable
Anything that can be changed such as a value or characteristic -To determine if changes to one thing results in changes to another
39
Define Theory
A broad idea or set of closely related ideas that attempts to explain observations -organizes known facts, allows us to predict new facts and permits us to exercise a degree of control
40
Define Operational Definition
Provides an objective descriptive of how a variable is going to be measured and observed in a particular study
41
Define parsimonious
All other things being equal, the simplest explanation is the best
42
Steps in a Research Study
- State the problem - Develop Hypotheses - Design a study - Collect and Analyze the data - Replicate results - Conclude - Report results
43
What is basic-applied research?
Basic research- done to enhance the general body of knowledge Applied- done with practical problem in mind with hopes to directly apply finding to the solution
44
What are three types of research used by Psychologist?
- Descriptive methods - Correlational methods - Experimental methods
45
Define Descriptive methods
determine basic dimensions of a phenomenon, define what is and how often it occurs
46
Define correlational
discovering relationship between variables
47
What correlation coefficient?
the quantitative measure of a correlation that ranges from -1 to +1
48
What is positive correlation
one variable increases as the other increases
49
What is negative correlation
one variable decreases as the other increases
50
What are advantages of correlational study?
Determine relationship between two or more variables
51
What are disadvantages of correlational study?
- Cannot determine cause and effect - Directionality Problem - Third variable problem
52
What is longitudinal design?
Systematic observation, used by correlation research, that involves obtaining measures of the variable of interest in multiple waves over time -Provides ways by which correlational research may attempt to demonstrate casual relations among variables
53
Define independent variable
the experimental factor that a researcher manipulates
54
Define dependent variable
the variable being measured (called the dependent variable because it may depend on the manipulations of the independent variable

Psychology Test 1 (1 decks)

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