Test 1

Question 1

To produce sound, you need:

Answer 1

• a source (oscillations), ex: vocal folds

- a material medium (conduct), ex: air

Question 2

A sound wave is a combination of:

Answer 2

• compression of air molecules

- rarefraction of air molecules

Question 3

Compression:
Rarefraction:

Answer 3

• air molecules are closer together (+/peaks)

- air molecules are further apart (-/valleys)

Question 4

Frequency (Hz)

Answer 4

refers to number of cycles per second

one cycle=one compression (+) and one rarefraction (-)

has an inverse relationship with period:
frequency=1/period

Question 5

Human auditory system range of hearing (in Hz)

Answer 5

20-20,000 Hz

Question 6

Period (time)

Answer 6

the time it takes to complete one full cycle of oscillation
has an inverse relationship with frequency:
period=1/frequency

Question 7

Sound Intensity/Pressure Level

Answer 7

refers to the amount of sound energy
measured by Decibels (dB)
amplitude

Question 8

Decibels (dB)

Answer 8

RELATIVE unit of sound

NOT absolute…therefore, 0dB does NOT mean absolute silence

Question 9

Absolute Sound Pressure reference is

Answer 9

0.0002 dynes per sq. cm.

Question 10

Fundamental frequency

Answer 10

Lowest frequency

Maximum amplitude

Question 11

Spectral analyzer

Answer 11

does Fourier analysis

provides graphical plot that shows amplitude (y axis) over frequency (x axis) information

Question 12

Waveform in a graph is

Answer 12

amplitude over time

Question 13

Simple sound

Answer 13

aka Pure Tone

one frequency

Question 14

Complex sound

Answer 14

more than one frequencies

Question 15

Periodic

Answer 15

has a fundamental frquency
all additional frequencies are harmonically related to the Fo
can assign a pitch
ex: voiced speech sounds, piano notes

Question 16

Aperiodic

Answer 16

does not have a fundamental frequency
other frequencies are NOT harmonically related
cannot assign a pitch
ex: voiceless speech sounds, book drop, waterfall

Question 17

Two types of aperiodic

Answer 17

1. transient (knock at door, gun fire, book drop)

2. continuous (waterfall, fan in classroom)

Question 18

Vocal tract

Answer 18

a resonator (vibrating system) made up of:
pharynx, oral cavity, nasal cavity
average length: 17 cm

Question 19

Formant frequencies (?)

Answer 19

frequencies of vowels

Question 20

Spectrograph

Answer 20

electrical device used to obtain spectrogram

Question 21

Spectrogram (?)

Answer 21

graphical plot of (y axis=)frequency over (x axis=)time

Question 22

Resonance frequency

Answer 22

natural frequency of one’s specific vocal tract depending on the length, mass, density of that vocal tract