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Early childhood > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

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Sight Words (Ages 4-6) flashcards Early Childhood Education flashcards
1
Q

early childhood development

A

the development of children from conception and birth through age 8

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2
Q

Learning is best achieved when the senses are involved. (Comenius)

A

none

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3
Q

gifts (Frobel)

A

Gifts were objects given to children for hands on learning of shape, size, and color concepts

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4
Q

occupations (Frobel)

A

Occupations were materials designed for the development of psychomotor silks (blocks, wooden pegs, etc)

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5
Q

scaffolding (Vygotsky)

A

is a term used to explain the assistance that an adult or older peer gives to a child as she/he seeks to understand certain concepts and acquire specific skills

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6
Q

ZPD (Vygotsky)

A

is the area that exists between the child’s current level of performance and the child’s potential level of performance. Children reach their potential with adult assistance. Scaffolding occurs in ZPD.

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7
Q

anecdotal record

A

a narrative of descriptive paragraphs recorded after behavior occurs

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8
Q

running record

A

a narrative written in sequence over a specified time, recorded while behavior is occurring

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9
Q

event sampling

A

a brief narrative of conditions preceding and following specified behaviors, recorded while behavior is occuring, based on objective behavior

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10
Q

time sampling

A

tallies or symbols showing the presence or absence of specified behavior during short periods, recorded while behavior is occurring

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11
Q

checklist

A

a list of behaviors with check marks recorded before, during and after behavior occurs

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12
Q

unique/diverse needs

A

the distant needs of each individual child that are not related to background or disability

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13
Q

special needs

A

the needs of children that result from developmental delays or disabilities

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14
Q

cultural/ethnic diversity

A

variations in development and behavior that are due to a child’s cultural background

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15
Q

SES

A

a measure of a family’s overall economic and social status, determined by level of education, income, place of residence and occupation of primary wage earners

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16
Q

correlational study

A

a type of research in which two traits are measured and their relationship is examined

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17
Q

cross sectional study

A

research in which a trait is studied by examine children of many different ages at one time, and developmental trends are determined by comparing one age group to another

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18
Q

longitudinal study

A

research in which a group of children is studied over a long period of time to observe changes in behavior and development at various ages

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19
Q

experimental study

A

research in which a treatment, such as an educational intervention, is administered to subjects

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20
Q

quantitative methods

A

research methods in which children are observed and their behaviors counted or rated numerically

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21
Q

qualitative research

A

research that involves writing a rich description of behaviors and development rather than counting or quantifying observations

22
Q

ethnography

A

a type of research in which investigators spend significant time working or living with a group-a classroom, a family, or a community-and write qualitative descriptions of their observations

23
Q

summative assessment

A

an overall evaluation of children’s growth after they have completed a school year or some long period of learning

24
Q

receptive vocabulary

A

the number of words a child can understand when listening to another speaker

25
Q

formative assessment

A

the evaluation of children’s behavior, learning, and development over time, and relatively frequently

26
Q

developmental checklist

A

a teacher rates children’s attainment of certain developmental milestones

27
Q

maturationist theory

A

a theory that holds that most of what humans become is predetermined by genetics and that traits inherited from ancestors simply unfold as children mature

28
Q

behaviorist theory

A

a theory that holds that most of what humans become is shaped by the environment

29
Q

classical conditioning

A

a strategy for shaping behavior in which a neutral stimulus is paired with a pleasurable one

30
Q

operant conditioning

A

a form of training in which a desired behavior is immediately rewarded

31
Q

Watson was the first to apply classical conditioning

A

Skinner developed operant conditioning

32
Q

psychoanalytic theory

A

a theory that holds that emotional development is influenced by tensions between internal desires and impulses and the demands of the outside world

33
Q

trust vs mistrust

A

birth to 18 months

children must come to trust that basic needs will be met by caregivers

34
Q

autonomy vs shame/doubt

A

18 mo.-3.5 yrs

children must acquire a sense of independence from parents and a belief that they can do things on their own

35
Q

initiative vs guilt

A

3.5 yrs-6 yrs

children must feel free to act, to create, to express themselves creatively, and to take risks

36
Q

industry vs inferiority

A

6-12 yrs

children must come to feel competent in skills valued by society

37
Q

cognitive development theory

A

a theory of human development holding that knowledge is actively constructed by the child and that active problem solving, social interaction, and language are necessary for learning

38
Q

sensorimotor

A

0-18 months

infants rely solely on action and the senses to know things

39
Q

preoperational

A

18 mo.-6/7 yrs

toddlers and preschool children can use symbols and internal thought to solve problems

40
Q

concrete operational

A

8-12 yrs

elem school children are more abstract in their thinking, they use logic to solve problems

41
Q

formal operational

A

12 yrs-adult

adolescents and adults can think abstractly

42
Q

Piaget’s stages of development

A

sensorimotor
preoperational
concrete operational
formal operational

43
Q

sociocultural theory

A

a theory that holds thinking and learning are highly influenced by social interaction, language, and culture

44
Q

information processing theory

A

a theory of development that emphasizes how children learn in specific situations, relying on memory, attention, and other learning processes

45
Q

social cues

A

actions, facial expressions, tone of voice, spoken words, and other social signals performed by peers that help young children interpret social situations

46
Q

ecological systems theory

A

a theory of development that emphasizes the influence of the many institutions and settings

47
Q

microsystem (most important)

A

the layer of environmental influences on development that includes all institutions and experiences within the child’s immediate environment

48
Q

mesosystem

A

the layer of environmental influences on development that is composed of the interconnections among the persons or organizations within the microsystem

49
Q

exosystem

A

the layer of environmental influences on development that is composed of institutions or persons that do not actually touch children’s lives but that indirectly affect their experiences

50
Q

macrosystem

A

the layer of environmental influences on development that contains the overarching values, ideologies, laws, worldview, and customs of a particular culture or society

Early childhood (1 decks)

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