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Anatomy Test Reviews > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

0
Q

skeletal system

A

support and protecion

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1
Q

Integumentary System

A

skin, protection, helps prevent dehydration

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2
Q

muscular system

A

provide movement, generate heat when move which helps with body temp, heat producer

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3
Q

nervous system

A

homeostatic headquarters, integration and coordination

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4
Q

endocrine system

A

integration and coordination, under supervision of the nervous system

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5
Q

cardiovascular system

A

transport, two way transport to and away from the cells, carries blood to cells

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6
Q

lymphatic system

A

transport one way..away from the cells, its like the sewer system of the body, drain excess fluid clean it up then put it back into the cardiovascular system

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7
Q

respiratory system

A

absorption and extraction

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8
Q

digestive system

A

absorption and excretion, absorption of nutrients

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9
Q

urinary system

A

absorption and excretion

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10
Q

male and female reproductive system

A

reproduction

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11
Q

coronal section

A

also called frontal, divides the body into anterior and posterior

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12
Q

transverse section

A

divides the body into top and bottom (superior and inferior)

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13
Q

midsagittal section

A

divides the body into left and right halves

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14
Q

posterior aspect cavity

A

cranial and vertebral cavities

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15
Q

cranial cavity

A

bound by the skull, holds the brain

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16
Q

vertebral cavity

A

spinal cord and vertebral column

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17
Q

ventral cavity

A

houses the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

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18
Q

thoracic cavity

A

houses the mediastinum, pleural and pericardial cavities

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19
Q

mediastinum

A

pericardial cavity, thymus, trachea, esophagus, and major blood vessels

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20
Q

pleural cavity

A

heart pericardium membrane

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21
Q

pericardial cavity

A

lungs, pleura membrane

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22
Q

rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

Membranous! largest organelle, stacks, ribosomes on the surface, ribosomes can be fixed or free, molecular factory produces (synthesizes) proteins, proteins that are going to be packages and pushed outside the cell

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23
Q

smooth ER

A

Membranous! molecular factory, product it produces is lipids, membranous organelle that produces lipids

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24
Q

golgi apparatus

A

Membranous! not a molecular factory its a warehouse, stores things, stores proteins that the rough ER has produced

25
Q

lysosomes

A

Membranous! multi, splitting or dissolving bodies, intracellular digestion

26
Q

peroxisomes

A

Membranous! detoxifies toxins, converts a portion of that chemical into water

27
Q

mitochondrion

A

Membranous! double membrane organelle nuclear pores around the outside

28
Q

nucleus

A

it is in the cytoplasm, double membrane bound organelle, nuclear pores around the outside

29
Q

nucleolus

A

1-3 in a cell, produces ribosomes, non-membranous organelle

30
Q

centrosomes

A

Non-membranous! only function during nuclear..?, segregate chromosomes during nuclear divison

31
Q

cilia

A

Non-membranous! cell membrane extensions, motility function, move substances across cell surfaces

32
Q

microvili

A

cell membrane extensions, increase surface area of absorption in locations that they are found

33
Q

flagellum

A

Non-membranous! cell membrane extensions, motility function, surface area of absorption in locations that they are found

34
Q

flagellum

A

physically moves a cell, only on sperm cells

35
Q

cytoskeleton

A

internal support structure, some motility function, move things within a cell

36
Q

cell cycle stages?

A

interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis, differentiation

37
Q

interphase

A

over half the life cycle of the cell, growth and then replication, one cell is going to become two cells, everything the cell has will be doubled, each daughter cell has the same DNA, longest phase, grows and develops and then it duplicates

38
Q

stages of mitosis?

A

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

39
Q

prophase

A

nuclear envelope disappears along with nucleoli, the chromatin condenses into x-shaped structures called chromatid, centrioles move to opposite sides of the cell and spindle fibers grow out of the centrioles

40
Q

metaphase

A

chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell, spindle fibers attach to the centromere

41
Q

anaphase

A

splitting up phase, sister chromatids are pulled apart (centromeres split) mid to late anaphase cytokinesis begins

42
Q

telophase

A

last phase, everything that occurred in prophase reverts backwards, nuclear and nucleoli reappear, spindles disappear, nucleolus reforms within each nucleus

43
Q

cytokinesis

A

division of the cytoplasm (everything but the nucleus)

44
Q

differentiation

A

meaning specialize, all specialization (locks a cell into an “occupation”) never divide after this

45
Q

passive transport

A

movement of substances down a concentration gradient (high to low concentration) no energy needed, no ATP
Example: car going down a hill that doesn’t use gas

46
Q

passive transport processes?

A

simple diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, bulk filtration

47
Q

simple diffusion

A

no ATP, movement of molecules or ions down a concentration gradient

48
Q

osmosis

A

no ATP, diffusion for the water molecules, the movement of water molecules back inside, has to have water

49
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

no ATP, movement of larger materials, down a concentration gradient have to have channel proteins, relies on transport proteins

50
Q

bulk filtration

A

no ATP, the bulk movement of solution from a high concentration to low concentration resulting in hydrostatic pressure

51
Q

active transport

A

movement of substances up a concentration gradient, requires ATP
example: car going up a hill that needs to use gas (gas=ATP)

52
Q

active transport processes?

A

ion pumps, bulk transport

53
Q

ion pumps

A

require ATP, against a concentration gradient, transport of ions against a concentration gradient

54
Q

bulk transport

A

require ATP

55
Q

bulk transport processes?

A

exocytosis and endocytosis

56
Q

exocytosis

A

bulk movement of substances out of the cell by fusion of secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane

57
Q

endocytosis processes?

A

phagocytosis and pinocytosis

58
Q

phagocytosis

A

white blood cells, foreign substances

59
Q

pinocytosis

A

taking in of solutions

Anatomy Test Reviews (1 decks)

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