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Anatomy Test Reviews > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

0
Q

skeletal system

A

support and protecion

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1
Q

Integumentary System

A

skin, protection, helps prevent dehydration

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2
Q

muscular system

A

provide movement, generate heat when move which helps with body temp, heat producer

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3
Q

nervous system

A

homeostatic headquarters, integration and coordination

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4
Q

endocrine system

A

integration and coordination, under supervision of the nervous system

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5
Q

cardiovascular system

A

transport, two way transport to and away from the cells, carries blood to cells

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6
Q

lymphatic system

A

transport one way..away from the cells, its like the sewer system of the body, drain excess fluid clean it up then put it back into the cardiovascular system

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7
Q

respiratory system

A

absorption and extraction

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8
Q

digestive system

A

absorption and excretion, absorption of nutrients

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9
Q

urinary system

A

absorption and excretion

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10
Q

male and female reproductive system

A

reproduction

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11
Q

coronal section

A

also called frontal, divides the body into anterior and posterior

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12
Q

transverse section

A

divides the body into top and bottom (superior and inferior)

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13
Q

midsagittal section

A

divides the body into left and right halves

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14
Q

posterior aspect cavity

A

cranial and vertebral cavities

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15
Q

cranial cavity

A

bound by the skull, holds the brain

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16
Q

vertebral cavity

A

spinal cord and vertebral column

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17
Q

ventral cavity

A

houses the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

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18
Q

thoracic cavity

A

houses the mediastinum, pleural and pericardial cavities

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19
Q

mediastinum

A

pericardial cavity, thymus, trachea, esophagus, and major blood vessels

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20
Q

pleural cavity

A

heart pericardium membrane

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21
Q

pericardial cavity

A

lungs, pleura membrane

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22
Q

rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

Membranous! largest organelle, stacks, ribosomes on the surface, ribosomes can be fixed or free, molecular factory produces (synthesizes) proteins, proteins that are going to be packages and pushed outside the cell

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23
Q

smooth ER

A

Membranous! molecular factory, product it produces is lipids, membranous organelle that produces lipids

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24
golgi apparatus
Membranous! not a molecular factory its a warehouse, stores things, stores proteins that the rough ER has produced
25
lysosomes
Membranous! multi, splitting or dissolving bodies, intracellular digestion
26
peroxisomes
Membranous! detoxifies toxins, converts a portion of that chemical into water
27
mitochondrion
Membranous! double membrane organelle nuclear pores around the outside
28
nucleus
it is in the cytoplasm, double membrane bound organelle, nuclear pores around the outside
29
nucleolus
1-3 in a cell, produces ribosomes, non-membranous organelle
30
centrosomes
Non-membranous! only function during nuclear..?, segregate chromosomes during nuclear divison
31
cilia
Non-membranous! cell membrane extensions, motility function, move substances across cell surfaces
32
microvili
cell membrane extensions, increase surface area of absorption in locations that they are found
33
flagellum
Non-membranous! cell membrane extensions, motility function, surface area of absorption in locations that they are found
34
flagellum
physically moves a cell, only on sperm cells
35
cytoskeleton
internal support structure, some motility function, move things within a cell
36
cell cycle stages?
interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis, differentiation
37
interphase
over half the life cycle of the cell, growth and then replication, one cell is going to become two cells, everything the cell has will be doubled, each daughter cell has the same DNA, longest phase, grows and develops and then it duplicates
38
stages of mitosis?
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
39
prophase
nuclear envelope disappears along with nucleoli, the chromatin condenses into x-shaped structures called chromatid, centrioles move to opposite sides of the cell and spindle fibers grow out of the centrioles
40
metaphase
chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell, spindle fibers attach to the centromere
41
anaphase
splitting up phase, sister chromatids are pulled apart (centromeres split) mid to late anaphase cytokinesis begins
42
telophase
last phase, everything that occurred in prophase reverts backwards, nuclear and nucleoli reappear, spindles disappear, nucleolus reforms within each nucleus
43
cytokinesis
division of the cytoplasm (everything but the nucleus)
44
differentiation
meaning specialize, all specialization (locks a cell into an "occupation") never divide after this
45
passive transport
movement of substances down a concentration gradient (high to low concentration) no energy needed, no ATP Example: car going down a hill that doesn't use gas
46
passive transport processes?
simple diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, bulk filtration
47
simple diffusion
no ATP, movement of molecules or ions down a concentration gradient
48
osmosis
no ATP, diffusion for the water molecules, the movement of water molecules back inside, has to have water
49
facilitated diffusion
no ATP, movement of larger materials, down a concentration gradient have to have channel proteins, relies on transport proteins
50
bulk filtration
no ATP, the bulk movement of solution from a high concentration to low concentration resulting in hydrostatic pressure
51
active transport
movement of substances up a concentration gradient, requires ATP example: car going up a hill that needs to use gas (gas=ATP)
52
active transport processes?
ion pumps, bulk transport
53
ion pumps
require ATP, against a concentration gradient, transport of ions against a concentration gradient
54
bulk transport
require ATP
55
bulk transport processes?
exocytosis and endocytosis
56
exocytosis
bulk movement of substances out of the cell by fusion of secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane
57
endocytosis processes?
phagocytosis and pinocytosis
58
phagocytosis
white blood cells, foreign substances
59
pinocytosis
taking in of solutions

Anatomy Test Reviews (1 decks)

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