Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nurs 212 > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

0
Q

Stroke volume

A

volume of blood in ventricles just before contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Stroke Volume average

A

70 ml/beat in adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ejection Fraction

A

fraction or percent of blood ejected with each contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ejection Fraction Average

A

50-70%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Average Cardiac Output

A

4-8 L/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Preload is

A

volume of blood in cardiac muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Afterload is

A

Pressure the blood overcomes to eject blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cardiac Index normal range

A

2.5-4.2 L/min/m2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hear a Bruit feel a Thrill

A

bruit-swishy noise from turbulent blood

thrill- feeling over a shunt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Order of listening to valves

A 
APTM
aorta-upper right of sternum
Pulmonic-upper left
Tricuspid-lower right
Mitral-lower left
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

aortic and mitral valves have the most

A

murmurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

S1 sound

A

lub
closure of AV valves
beginning of systole
heard loudest at apex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

S2 sound

A

dub
closure of semi lunar valves
end of systole beginning of diastole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Echocardiogram

A

test for wall motion and valve movement that also gives us ejection fraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Transesophageal Echo

A

more invasive echo used with afib for blood clots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Troponin cardiac enzyme

A

measures protein released after MI, most specific and most widely used, usually under 0.3, rises in 3-6 hours and stays elevated up to 2 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Healthy lipid

A

HDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Lethal lipid

A

LDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Most common electrolyte imbalance for heart pts

A

K- performs major function in cardiac depolarization and repolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Na in heart

A

vital part in depolarization of myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ca in heart

A

important function in depolarization and myocardial contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Absolute Refractory Period

A

cardiac cell unable to respond to new electrical stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Relative Refractory Period

A

repolarization is almost complete, cardiac cell can be stimulated to contract prematurely if stimulus is stronger then normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How long does artia need to rest

A

0.15 sec

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how long does ventricles need to rest

A

0.25 to 0.30 sec

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

hearts period of rest is also called

A

repolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

P wave is

A

atrial depolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

PR interval should be

A

0.12-0.20 sec

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

QRS is

A

ventricular depolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

T wave is

A

ventricular repolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

U wave is a sign of

A

hypokalemia and dig tox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

St segment elevation and depression

A

elevation- infarction

depression- ischemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Hypocalemia causes

A

prolonged st and qt intervals

33
Q

Hypokalemia does what to T wave

A

shallow flat or inverted

34
Q

Hyperkalemia does what to EKG

A

tall peaked t waves
flat p waves
widened qrs complex
prolonged pr interval

35
Q

Rate for SA, AV, and ventricles

A

SA- 60-100
AV- 40-60
Ventricles- 20-40

36
Q

Sinus rhythm

A

regular
p waves present
between 60-100

37
Q

Sinus arrhythmia

A

irregular rhythm

38
Q

Treatments for Sinus Brady

A

if giving atopine warn telly tech and watch for rebound, treat the cause check med lists

39
Q

Treatments for Sinus Tachy

A

treat the cause- if no cause and is not tolerated by pt treat with betablockers the lol’s

40
Q

PAC

A

random premature beat, stop stimulants and alcohol

can use beta blockers to reduce frequency if problematic

41
Q

PSVT

A

paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

pretty much every tach that isnt sinus, afib, and aflutter usually caused by reentry from AV node

42
Q

PSVT treatment

A

cardioversion for instability (dropping BP)

IV beta blocker and treat the cause

43
Q

Adenosine is also used as a

A

chemical cardioversion

44
Q

dosing for adenosine

A

6, 12, 12

45
Q

AFib

A

irregularly irregular

narrow qrs, no definite p wave

46
Q

Afib treatments

A

cardioversion (if new onset)
anticoagulation (with PTT/heparin and PTINR/warfarin for therapeutic range)
rate control (calcium channel blockers, amiodarone, and beta blockers for additional rate control)
abation

47
Q

A Flutter

A

same as AFib in causes and treatments except rhythm is regular with characteristic sawtooth pattern

48
Q

INR average

A

International Normalized Ratio
Normal people should be around 1
people on anticoags should be between 2.0-3.0

49
Q

Expect what with 2nd/3rd degree heart block

A

to send to cath lab for pacemaker and look at meds

50
Q

PVCs

A

wide bizarre QRS complex
optimize cardiac and pumonary disease management
unifocal or mulltifocal
R-on-T phenomenon that usually leads to runs of Vtach
Bigeminy, trigeminy, quad….

51
Q

Vtach is considered after run of how many PVCs

A

3 or more

52
Q

VTach treatment

A

exclude heart disease with echo and stress
may need anti-arrhythmia treatment
cpr/defibrillation if unstable

53
Q

Unstable VTach or VFib treatment

A 
cpr
immediate defibrillation
(V/E followed by A/L)
vasopressin/epi then amiodarone/lidocaine
magnesium for Torsades/renal failure pt
54
Q

Asystole

A 
NEVER SHOCK!!!!!!
CPR
Epi
critical to reverse identified cause if able
may use pacing until rhythm established
55
Q

PEA

A

monitor shoes rhythm but pts heart is not beating treat as asystole

56
Q

CPR procedure

A

30 compressions

2 breaths

57
Q

Symptoms of CAD

A 
none
angina pectoris
acute coronary syndrome
mi
dysrhythmias
heart failure
sudden death
58
Q

Coronary Arteries

A

RCA
L Main
circumflex-lateral wall of left ventricle
L anterior descending-anterior inter-ventricular septum and apex

59
Q

Collateral Circulation

A

develop between small arteries for alternate route

60
Q

Coronary arteries blocked by…

A

coronary artery spasm, arteriosclerosis, or atherosclerosis

61
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

initiated by abnormal lipid metabolism and or inflammation of the vessel lining

62
Q

Modifiable Risk Factors

A 
hypertension
high blood lipid levels
smoking
physicial inactivity
obesity
diet
diabetes 
stress and anger
63
Q

Estrogen is

A

cardio protective

64
Q

Inflammatory markers

A

homocysteine, crp, lipoprotein A

65
Q

Management of Risk Factors

A 
smoking cessation
wt loss/exercise
control of HTN and glucose levels
diet modifications
decreased saturated far and cholesterol
increased Omega 3, Fiber, and B vitamins
66
Q

Statins (Lipitor, Crestor, Pravachol)

A

may cause myopathies

monitor liver function

67
Q

Cholesterol absorption inhibitors (Zetia)

A

contraindicated in liver dysfunction

68
Q

Nicotinic Acid

A

Niaspam is a B vitamin

facial flushing

69
Q

Types of Angina

A

stable
Prinzmetal’s (variant)
unstable- progressing to acute coronary syndrome
silent ischemia

70
Q

Stable Angina

A 
realizes certain activities cause
less than 20 min
with activity and exertion
goes away with rest and or nitro
normal EKG
normal Troponin
71
Q

Unstable Angina

A 
severe, unprovoked, substernal pain radiating into jaw, back, and arm
resting doesnt relieve
over 20 min
EKG changes
Troponin increases
72
Q

Nitrates can be taken

A

q5 min x 15 then go to ER

73
Q

SE of Nitro

A

headache

decreased BP

74
Q

No’s of Nitrates

A 
no switching bottles/no light
no cold
no condensation
no sharing (diff doses)
no taking with other vasodilators
no keeping (have expiration date)
75
Q

Why take beta blockers for CAD?

A

decreases heart workload by decreasing heart rate, contractility, and BP to decrease myocardial oxygen consumption

76
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers are used most for….

A

Prinzmetal’s angina

reduce contractility, may slow HR, and vasodilation

77
Q

Primary cause of ACS/acute coronary syndrome

A

rupture or eroded plaque

typically have stenosis of one or more of the major coronary arteries

78
Q

Management of ACS

A

drugs to reduce myocardial ischemia
to reduce the risk for blood clotting
thrombolytics may be used

79
Q

Pre care of the Cath pt

A

informed consent
comprehensive CV baseline assessment
NPO for 6 hrs (waived in emergency)
HOLD oral hypoglycemics, insulin, diuretics
give all usual cardiac meds unless instructed otherwise
IV access (2 20 or greater)
administer ASA

80
Q

Post care of Cath pt

A

frequent VS, cath access site checks, and assessment of peripheral pulses
telemetry monitoring, EKG with chest pain
bedrest as ordered with head elevated less than 30 degrees
keep affected extremity straight
monitor for vasovagal response
monitor for dye reaction

Nurs 212 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions