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Telephony > test 1 > Flashcards

test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define circuit switching

A

Circuit Switching is the process of setting up and keeping open a physical circuit between two or more users until the connection is terminated.

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2
Q

ID the advantages of circuit switching

A
  • The users have exclusive use of that specific circuit’s entire bandwidth.
  • No congestion
  • No channel access delay
  • Low variance and end to end delay
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3
Q

ID the disadvantages of circuit switching

A
  • Due to dedicated channels, circuit switching networks can be expensive
  • Slight delay in establishing a connection due to overhead required to make a connection through numerous switchboards
  • Inefficient use of bandwidth
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4
Q

ID the purpose of a switchboard

A

Provide capability to connect one telephone line to any other within a network, alleviating the need for multiple point-to-point circuits

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5
Q

Define Trunk Circuit

A
  • Trunk is a communication line between two switching systems
  • Trunked circuit is when a call is placed across a trunk
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6
Q

Define Point-to-Point Circuit

A

Dedicated connection directly between two telephones without the aid of a switchboard
(PIC)

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7
Q

Define Loop Circuit

A

Loop circuit connects a telephone to a switchboard

PIC

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8
Q

Define Long Local

A

Telephone set residing at a different site than the switchboard

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9
Q

Define Switchboard Code

A

Uniquely identify each switchboard within a circuit switching network

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10
Q

ID the purpose of Global Block Numbering Plan (GBNP)

A
  • Incorporates all services into a joint network
  • IDs a unique service-managed block of unit and subscriber numbers for each military branch
  • IDs databases and sub-networks within the blocks of numbers
  • Simplifies network management through the standardization of assignable NATO codes, area codes, and switchboard codes
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11
Q

ID the structure of the Global Block Numbering Plan

A

3 digit area code
4 digit switch code
3 digit subscriber code

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12
Q

Define Call Routing

A

Call routing is the method by which a switchboard routes traffic across trunks to other switchboards

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13
Q

Define Deterministic Routing

A

Traffic is sent to one route at a time via programmed routing tables

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14
Q

Define Alternate Routing

A

Provide a path for calls to travel through should the primary route fail

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15
Q

Define Switching Office

A

Central location that provides communication service to subscribers with the same office code (switch code)

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16
Q

Define signaling

A

Information exchange governing the establishment and control of a telecommunications connection and the management of the network

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17
Q

Define Analog In-Band signaling

A
  • Signals that use audio tone frequencies within the human speech/hearing range
  • Examples are Dial Pulsing and Dual Tone Multi-Frequency (DTMF)
  1. _______D in____________________ occurs when signaling bits travel along the same channel as traffic. It is often referred to as “Channel Associated Signaling” (CAS).
  2. _________D out_______________________ is a signaling method in which signaling bits travel in a separate channel from the associated traffic. It is often referred to as “Common Channel Signaling” (CCS).
  3. Dial Pulsing and Dual Tone Multi-Frequency (DTMF) are examples of
    ________A in____________________.
  4. _________A out________________________ is a signaling method which uses a portion of the channel bandwidth provided by the transmission medium (the carrier channel).
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18
Q

Define Digital In-Band Signaling

A
  • Signaling bits travel along the same channel as traffic
  • Also called “robbed bit” signaling because it will “rob” the least significant bits of the user traffic to convey line state information
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19
Q

Define Analog Out-of-Band Signaling

A
  • Uses a portion of the channel bandwidth provided by the transmission medium
  • Portion utilized is above the highest frequency used by voice
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20
Q

Define Digital Out-of-Band Signaling

A
  • Signaling bits travel in a separate channel from the user generated traffic
  • PRI is the form of digital out-of-band signaling most prevalent in the Marine Corps
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21
Q

Define encoding

A

Encoding is the process by which information (data) is impressed onto an analog or digital waveform for the purpose of transmission and utilization at a destination.

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22
Q

ID the two steps of the waveform coding process

A
  • Sampling (analog measured at regular intervals)
  • Quantizing (conversion of sample analog wave voltage through assigning the sampled voltage discrete digital values typically 8 bits
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23
Q

Define digital line coding

A

Method by which a digital bit stream (data) is represented on a transmission link

24
Q

Define Integrated Services Digital Network

A

The Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a circuit switched telephone network system designed to allow digital transmission of voice, video, and data over ordinary copper telephone lines.

25
Q

Define Trunk Level One (T1)

A

Signaling method based on the T-carrier scheme developed by Bell Laboratories to improve commercial telephone service

standard telecommunications carrier system utilized in North America
24 channel 1.544Mbps

26
Q

ID the data rate associated with Digital Signal Level Zero (DS-0)

A
  • DS0 has a transmission rate of 64 kbps

- T-1 is comprised of 24 DS0s giving total transmission rate of 1544 kbps (1.544 Mbps)

27
Q

ID the structure of a Channel Associated Signaling (CAS) T-1

A
  • All 24 channels can be used for user traffic
  • Least significant bit used at the 6th and 12th frame
  • Each channel is responsible for its own signaling
28
Q

ID the advantages of a CAS T-1

A

All 24 channels are available for user traffic

29
Q

ID the structure of a Primary Rate Interface T-1

A

-24th channel is utilized solely to send circuit maintenance data (Data Channel)

30
Q

ID the advantages of a Primary Rate Interface T-1

A

-Calls setup much faster -DS0 channels within the PRI can be bonded together to form larger channels

31
Q

Define Compression

A

The process of encoding information using fewer bits

32
Q

ID the audio codec used to prepare a signal for transmission over a LAN connection within the Marines Corps

A

G.711

33
Q

ID the audio codec used to prepare a signal for transmission over a WAN connection with the Marine Corps

A

G.729

34
Q

Define Fractional T-1

A

Any T-carrier data transmission rate between 64 kbps and 1544 kbps

35
Q

ID the structure of the BRI configuration

A
  • Two 64 kbps B channels
  • One 16 kbps D channel
  • One 48 kbps framing and synchronization
36
Q

Define Digital Subscriber Line

A

Service designed to digitally extend a high speed data circuit over ordinary copper telephone lines

37
Q

Define voice packetization

A

Exact length of time a CODEC is applied to an analog voice stream to construct a single digital packet

38
Q

ID the purpose of a digital signal processor (DSP)

A

DSP is a chip that performs all the sampling, encoding and compression functions on analog audio coming into a router or media gateway device on a packet switching network

convert an analog audio signal into a digital bit stream

39
Q

ID the purpose of a Voice Port

A

Voice ports enable a T-1 trunk coming from a circuit switchboard to be terminated at a packet switching network router for the purpose of either using the IP network to extend a T-1 trunk to another distant circuit switchboard or to integrate your circuit switching network with a separate VoIP network

40
Q

Define Transcoding

A
  • Direct conversion from one codec to another

- Eg Using G.729 to compress a signal that was encoded with G.711

41
Q

ID the purpose of a media gateway device

A
  • Allow PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) or DSN (Defense Switched Network) to use the packet switching network to extend telephone trunks (T-1’s) long distance
  • Enable interoperability between VoIP phones and POTS phones

look at powerpoint D5

42
Q

Define network convergence as it applies to communications networks

A

Network convergence is the combination of voice, video and data services across the same network infrastructure

43
Q

Define IP trunking

A

A method of trunk extension where two circuit switchboards are logically connected together by a T-1 that traverses the packet switching network

44
Q

ID the bandwidth planning factor associated to the given cable

A

WD-1 (Slashwire)
Limited transmission capability -narrowband applications

WF-16
Limited transmission capability -narrowband applications

CX-4566 (26-Pair)
??

Coaxial Cable
Greater bandwidth system wide, greater bandwidth for each channel compared to twisted pair, supports mixed range of services

Fiber Optic
Extremely high bandwidth

Twisted Pair
Cat 1
10 Mbps
Cat 2
4 Mbps
Cat 3
10 Mbps
Cat 4
16 Mbps
Cat 5
100 Mbps
Cat 6
1000 Mbps
Cat 7
10 Gigabit
45
Q

ID the maximum planning range for the given cable

A

CX-11230 (Coax)
1.6km

TFOCA
8km

Cat3/4/5
100m

Single Mode Fiber
Up to 500 miles

Multimode Fiber
8-64km

46
Q

ID the primary function of a Voice Distribution System

A

Provide a point where individual telephone lines can be tied into the network

47
Q

Given a list of interfacing standards, ID the appropriate connector used to terminate the corresponding interfacing standard

A

EIA-232D Standard (RS-232C):
DB-25

EIA-530 Standard (RS-530):
DB-25

Registered Jack:
RJ-11 (6 pins) Phones
RJ-45 (8 pins) Ethernet
RJ48 (8 pins) ISND/T1

Category of twisted pair and bandwidth capacities
Different types of Marine Corps nomenclature cables
-CX etc,
-Planning ranges
Interfacing standards and what types of cables they terminate

48
Q

ID the telephony capabilities of the Secure Terminal Equipment (STE)

A
  • Secure calls
  • Transferring data at up to 128 kbps using ISDN over tactical/DSNcommercial/foreign networks
  • Facilitates multimedia applications such as VTC, digital faxing, data file transfer
  • Receive cryptographic keys over phone, including re-key of STE terminal itself
49
Q

ID the purpose of the KSV-21 (Fortezza Card)

A

Gives the STEthe ability to process securecalls

50
Q

ID the safeguarding requirements of the Secure Terminal Equipment (STE) telephone set

A

STE itself is unclassified equipment and does NOT require accountability within the COMSEC material control system

51
Q

ID the safeguarding requirements of the KSV-21 (Fortezza Card)

A
  • When issued, card must be kept on person or stored in manner that will minimize loss, unauthorized use, substitution, tampering or breakage
  • User who accepts responsibility is solely responsible and cannot transfer the card without the knowledge of the COMSEC manager
  • Other users may use the card as long as that person is cleared to the security level of the keys programmed on the card
  • Authorized person must supervise access by a person not having an appropriate clearance to a STE with a KSV-21 inserted
  • Card can be transported without written courier authorization
  • Card can be sent through x-ray machines without harmful effects
52
Q

ID the purpose of the OMNItelephone system

A

Marine Corps uses OMNI only to encrypt an unsecure phone network

53
Q

ID the characteristics of International Maritime Satellite (INMARSAT) wireless telephone systems

A

Marine Corps uses INMARSAT systems to provide:

  • Rapid response, man portable
  • Secure voice, fax and data using STE terminals
  • Secure, high-speed data transmission with interfaces to KIV-7 and KG-84 series encryption devices
54
Q

ID the characteristics of Iridiumwireless satellite telephone systems

A
  • Provides constant, mobile on-the-move telephones and other services (paging, messaging, fax, low data rate) to small handsets nearly anywhere in the world
  • Consists of 66 operational satellites and 7 spares
  • Data from handset is cross-linked to adjacent satellites before being down-linked to gateways in Arizona or Hawaii
55
Q

ID the characteristics of Thurayawireless satellite telephone systems

A
  • Regional satellite telephone service provider based in United Arab Emirates
  • Provides coverage throughout most of Europe, Middle East, North/Central/East Africa, Asia and Australia
  • Two operational satellites
  • Not a program of record

Telephony (3 decks)

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