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Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Over ventilation can lead to what acid-base imbalance?

A

Respiratory Alkalosis

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2
Q

Tx acute GI bleed dt portal HTN

A

octreotide

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3
Q

MC primary intracranial tumor

A

meninigioma

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4
Q

Tx RMSF

A

Doxycyline

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5
Q

MCC Encephalitis and Tx

A

MCC is HSV

Tx Acyclovir IV

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6
Q

Gold standard to dx HSV encephalitis

A

CSF PCR for HSV

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7
Q

TV CMV encephalitis in HIV pts

A

Ganciclovir

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8
Q

TX for tertiary syphilis

A

PCN IV/IM x10-14 days

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9
Q

MC PEDS brain tumor

A

medulloblastoma

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10
Q

most devastating PEDS malignancy

A

brainstem glioma/DIPG

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11
Q

MC malignant brain tumor

A

astrocytoma

- includes GBM

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12
Q

brain tumor with “dura tail”

A

meningioma

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13
Q

MC pituitary adenoma

and sxs you could expect

A

prolactinoma

gallactorhea, Gynecomastia, amenorrhea, infertilitly

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14
Q

unilat hearing loss, tinnitus, episodic vertigo

suspect what CA

A

acoustic neuroma

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15
Q

cutaneous neurofibromas all over the body what is the dx

A

Type 1 Neurofibromatosis

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16
Q

maculopapular rash involiving palms and soles that spreads centripetally up the trunk

A

RMSF

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17
Q

Stage 1 HTN is categorized as

A

SPB 140-159 or DBP 90-99

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18
Q

Stage 2 HTN is categorized as

A

SBP >160 or DBP >100

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19
Q

Acute onset CHF sxs in young person or person w/o CAD risks suggests

A

myocarditis

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20
Q

GOLD STANDARD to confirm myocarditis

A

endomyocardial biopsy

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21
Q

MC cardiomyopathy and sxs to expect

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy
SXS: progressive CHF sxs, LHF sxs
DOE, SOB, PND, Orthopnea, JVD, Edema

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22
Q

GOLD STANDARD to dx dilated cardiomyopathy

A

ECHO

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23
Q

Beck’s TRIAD
Dx
Tx

A

HoTN, muffled heart sounds, JVD
= Cardiac Tamponade
emergenct cardiocentesis

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24
Q

Rheumatic fever MC affects what heart valve?

A

Mitral

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25
Q

cause of rheumatic fever

A

immune mediated disease triggered by GABHS

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26
Q

MC organism in endocarditis

A

Strep viridans

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27
Q

MI EKG changes in II, III, or aVF means occlusion in___ infarct location is _____

A

changes in inferior leads
RCA or descending
Inferior infarct

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28
Q

MI EKG changes in I, aVL, V5, V6 means occlusion in____ infarct location is_____

A

changes in lateral leads
left circumflex
Lateral infarct

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29
Q

MI EKG changes in precordials, V1-V6 means occlusion in____ infarct location is____

A

changes in precordial leads
LAD
Anterior infarct

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30
Q

ST depression with (-) biomarkers

DX

A

Unstable angina

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31
Q

EKG with diffuse T wave peaking

A

hyperkalemia

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32
Q

EKG abnl not meeting MI criteria

(+) biomarkers

A

NSTEMI

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33
Q

tracheal deviation, hyper-resonance, HoTN

A

tension pneumothorax
immed decompression
18g to 2-3rd ICS followed tube thoracostomy

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34
Q

negative bifringent cystals

A

gout

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35
Q

Heparin- monitor which blood test

A

aPTT

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36
Q

Warfarin (Coumadin)- monitor which blood test

A

PT/INR

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37
Q

ASA antiplatelet effects lasts how long

A

8-10days, irreversible

38
Q

Hemophilia A is a def in which factor

39
Q

Hemophilia A will have a prolonged____ (blood test)

40
Q

Tx Hemophilia A

A

Factor 8 concentrate

DDAVP can be used for minor bleeds

41
Q

Hemophilia B is a def in which factor

42
Q

“Christmas disease”

A

Hemophilia B

43
Q

Tx Hemophilia B

A

Factor 9 concentrate

44
Q

“Hemophilia C” is def in what

45
Q

minor bleeding into soft tissue, hemarthrosis, arthropathy in Ashkenazi Jew

A

Factor 11 def “Hemophilia C”

46
Q

Tx “hemophilia C”

47
Q

MC inherited bleeding disorder

A

von Willebrand Disease (vWD)

48
Q

sxs of vonWillebrand

A

platelet type bleeding: bruising, petechiae, gingival bleed, epistaxis

49
Q

Tx vonWillebrand

A

DDAVP or vWF concentrate in major bleed or in Type 3

50
Q

Dx TTP

A

decreased activity ADAMST13

51
Q

Tx TTP

A

IMMED Plasma exchange

platelets contraindicated

52
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis assoc with what gene

53
Q

Pt with hx installation has dry cough. CXR shoes linear opacities of various sizes in bilat bases. Dx

A

Asbestosis

54
Q

Pt with hx rock mining has dry cough. CXR hilar node calcification. Dx

A

eggshell pattern

Silicosis

55
Q

sxs of venous congestion go with which sided HF

56
Q

MC cardiomyopathy

57
Q

A thickened but nondilated LV is dx of

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

58
Q

Treatment of cardiogenic shock

A

ABCs
fluid challenge for HoTN first then dobutamine
PCI cath with possible intra-aortic balloon pump

59
Q

w/o for acute onset CHF in young patient or pt w/o CAD risks

A

cardiac MRI with Gadolinium first

endomyocardial bx is gold standard to dx myocarditis

60
Q

sxs of rheumatic fever

A 
J: joints- usually 1st sign
<3: carditis
N: nodules sub q
E: erythema marginatum
S: Sydenham chorea
61
Q

tx for rheumatic fever

A

bed rest, symptomatic ASA use

PCN IM and then q month

62
Q

empiric tx endocarditis

A

vanco + gent +/- ceftriaxone

63
Q

“rice water” stools
dx
tx

A

Cholera

Fluids and Tetracycline

64
Q

watery diarrhea that progresses to mucus and blood
tenesmus, fever
stool cultures show increased neutrophils

A

Shigellosis

TOC fluoroquinolone

65
Q

CD4 <200

A

prophylaxis Pjiroveci

Bactrim

66
Q

dx polycythemia vera

A

pruritus after a warm shower
high HCT
JAK2 mutation

67
Q

Philadelphia chromosome

68
Q

Auer rods

69
Q

MC leukemia in children

70
Q

cells expressing TdT (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase)

71
Q

sudan black esterase

72
Q

isolated lymphocytosis and smudge cells on peripheral smear

A

CLL

chronic lymphocytic leukemia

73
Q

reed Sternberg cells

A

Hodgkin Lymphoma

74
Q 
65yo AAM complaining of bone pain in hip, increased thirst, and constipation. 
Xray shows fx of femoral neck
labs show hypercalcemia
suspicion for-
dx-
A

Multiple Myeloma
RBC morphology with Rouleaux formation
Bence Jones proteins in urine
xray evidence of “punched out” lytic lesions

75
Q

Bence Jones proteins in urine

A

multiple myeloma

76
Q

Sxs of Multiple myeloma

A 
bone pain (commonly back, hips, ribs)
anemia sxs
infection with encapsulated orga (Spneumo)
hypercalcemia
hyperviscosity syndrome
spinal cord compression
77
Q

TX PID outpt regimen

A

Ceftriaxone
Doxy
Flagyl

78
Q

Tx for GC chlamydia

which abx specific for each?

A

general tx
Ceftriaxone 250mg IM (spec gonorrhea)
Azithromycin 1g PO (covers chlamydia)

79
Q

painful necrotizing genital ulcer with inguinal LAD
dx
tx

A 
Chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyia)
no specific labs
gram - rods in school of fish appearance
if sure of dx can just do 1 or 3:
azithromycin, ceftriaxone, cipro
80
Q

MC sign of bladder CA

A

painless hematuria

81
Q

Tx outpt pyelonephritis

A

Fluoroquinolone= Cipro

Bactrim

82
Q

tender prostate “boggy”

dysuria, fever

A

acute bacterial prostatitis

cipro x21d

83
Q

Labs for Diabetes Insipidus

A

serum osmolarity high, urine low
normal to hypernatremia
central responds to vasopressin test
nephrogenic wont respond to vasopressin

84
Q

whooping cough or adult with cough x2wks
dx
tx

A

Pertussis (Bordetella pertussis)
nasopharyngeal culture, ~PCR
Azithromycin, erythromycin, etc x7d

85
Q

chvostek sign

A

facial muscle contractions after tapping facial nerve in front of ear
sign of hypocalcemia
consider hypoparathyroid

86
Q

Trousseau phenomenon

A

carpal spasms after application of BP cuff inflation

sign of hypocalcemia

87
Q

A1c of 6.0 = glucose of

q1% is a rise of what in blood sugar

A

125 nl

1%=30

88
Q

10pm glucose= 110
3am glucose = 110
7am glucose= 150

A

Dawn phenomenon

increase pm insulin

89
Q

10pm glucose= 110
3am glucose = 50
7am glucose= 200

A

Somogyi effect

decrease pm insulin or more food at bedtime

90
Q

when do you lower BP during stroke?

A

If >185/110

EOR IM (2 decks)

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