Test (1-3) Flashcards
Families
groups of related people bound by connections that are biological, legal, or emotional
Personal family
whom we feel related and who we expect to define us as members of their family
Legal family
group of individuals related by birth, marriage, or adoption
Household
a group of people that share a dining table
Institutional arena
where family matters take place
Family arena
institutional arena where people practice intimacy, childbearing, socialization, and caring work (institutional arena)
State
behavior is legally regulated (institutional arena)
Market
where labor for pay, economic exchange, and wealth accumulation take place (institutional arena)
Theory
a way to apply logic to a pattern of facts
Broad perspectives
consensus, conflict
Consensus
roots in greek philosophy, projects an image of society as the collective expression of shared norms and values
- focuses on stability rather than change
Breadwinner-homemaker family
an employed father, non-employed mother and their children
Conflict
view that opposition and conflict define a given society and are necessary for social evolution
- focuses on change rather than stability
- Feminism
Feminist theory
seeks to understand and ultimately reduce inequality between men and women
socialization
process by which individuals internalize elements of the social structure in their own personalities
exchange theory
individuals or groups with different resources, strengths, and weaknesses enter into mutual relationships to maximize their own gains
symbolic interactionism
concerned with the ability of humans to see themselves through the eyes of others and to enact social roles based on others’ expectations
modernity theory
historical emergence of the individual as an actor in society and how individuality changed
Family wage
the amount necessary for a male earner to provide subsistence for his wife and children without them having to work for pay
Demographic perspective
the study of how family behavior and household structures contribute to larger population processes
Demography
the study of populations
Life course perspective
study of family trajectories of individuals and groups as they progress through their lives, in social and historical context
cohort
a group of people who experience an event together at the same point in time
Bias
the tendency to impose previously held views on the collection and interpretation of facts
Sample survey
a research method in which identical questions are asked of many different people and their answers gathered into one large data file
Longitudinal surveys
research method in which the same people are interviewed repeatedly over a period of time
Time use studies
surveys that collect data on how people spend their time during a sample period, such as a single day or week
Macro-Theories
Consensus- broad picture, collective expression, shared norms and values
- Structural functional: breadwinner-homemaker
- conflict perspective: competing interests of the family
Contemporary theories
Feminism: inequality between genders
Exchange theory: cost/benefit
Symbolic interaction: symbols and shared meanings
Modernity: individuality
Life course: progression through life in social and historical contexts
Nuclear Family
A married couple living with their own (usually biological) children and no extended family members
Heterogamy
Marriage between a man and a women
Homogamy
Marriage between two people of the same sex
Patrilineal
wealth and power from fathers to sons
Matrilineal
From mothers to daughters
Patriarchy
The system of men’s control over property and fathers’ authority over all family members
Coverture
A legal doctrine that lasted until the late nineteenth century, under which wives were incorporated into their husbands’ citizenship
Extended families
Family households in which relatives beyond parents and their children live together
Stem Family
The household formed by one grown child remaining in the family home with his or her parents
Courtship
The mate selection process in which couples begin a relationship with supervised contact in public, then proceed to additional dates in the women’s home and then to marriage if the parents approve
Separate spheres
the cultural doctrine under which women were to work at home, to make it a sanctuary from the industrial world in which their husbands worked for pay
Monogamy
A family system in which each person has only one spouse
Polygamy
A family system in which one person has more than one spouse, usually one man and multiple women
Companionship family
An ideal type of family characterized by the mutual affection, equality, and comradeship of its members
Companionate marriage
A view of marriage as a companionship, a friendship, and a romance, rather than as a practical platform for cooperation and survival
Dating
the mate selection process in which young adults spend time with a variety of partners before making a long-term commitment
Family wage
the amount necessary for a male earner to provide subsistence for his wife and children their having to work for pay
Baby boom
The period of high birth rates in the united states between 1946 and 1964
Race
A group of people believed to share common descent, based on perceived innate physical similarities (Biology)
Ethnicity
A group of people with a common cultural identification, based on a combination of language, religion, ancestral origin, or traditional practices (Culture)
Racial ethnicity
An ethnic group perceived to share physical characteristics
Endogamy
Marriage and reproduction within a distinct group
Exogamy
Marriage and reproduction outside one’s distinct group
Minority group
A racial or ethnic group that occupies a subordinate status in society
Familism
A personal outlook that puts family obligations first, before individual well being
Acculturation
the acquisition of a new culture and language
Assimilation
the gradual reduction of ethnic distinction between immigrants and the mainstream society
Consonant
Parents and child transition away from home culture and language
Dissonant
Children develop English ability more quickly and integrate into society more easily than parents
Intermarriage
Marriage between members of different racial or ethnic groups
Social distance
The level of acceptance that members of one group have toward members of another group
Genealogy
the study of ancestry and family history
1950’s
- Couldn’t afford breadwinner-homemaker family
- Marriage for political, economic, and cultural reasons
- Companionate marriage
Chinese Exclusion act of 1882
congress cut off most new immigration so few Chinese women could join the single men that remained
- Chinese men were forbidden to marry whites, leaving them wifeless and childless
