test 1-3

Question 1

In the video “Unnatural Causes: Place Matters”, the “poverty tax” refers to the fact that:

a) appliances and furniture can cost more in low-income neighborhoods
b) people with higher incomes pay more taxes to help those with lower incomes
c) people with lower income pay more taxes than those with higher incomes
d) there is less investment in low-income neighborhoods

Answer 1

appliances and furniture can cost more in low-income neighborhoods

Question 2

In the article “Tommy Douglas may be back” by Dennis Raphael, family doctor Ryan Meili argues that:

a) people need to engage in healthy behaviours for optimal health
b) additional funding is needed in the public health system to improve health
c) the goal of all public policy is creating conditions for the economy to flourish
d) the goal of all public policy is creating conditions for health

Answer 2

the goal of all public policy is creating conditions for health

Question 3

Which of the following suggest core housing need?

a) a family that spends half of their income on rent
b) a 2-bedroom apartment with 4 families living in it
c) a couple that lives in a house without a full bathroom
d) all of these suggest core housing need

Answer 3

all of these suggest core housing need

Question 4

As described in the video “Unnatural Causes: When the Bough Breaks”, infant mortality rates among African American mothers are worse than which of the following groups?

a) white mothers with a college education
b) white mothers with a highs school education
c) white mothers who did not graduate highschool
d) African American mothers have higher infant mortality rates than all of these groups

Answer 4

african american mothers have higher infant mortality rates than all of these groups

Question 5

Temporary migrant workers may not bring forward health and safety concerns because they are afraid of being sent back to their country of origin. This is an example of which dimension of social exclusion?

a) social goods
b) economic
c) social production
d) legal

Answer 5

legal

Question 6

An immigrant Korean family opens a convenience store in a Toronto neighborhood, which provides much needed grocery items for people from a wide variety of racial and ethnic backgrounds who live in the area. This family-run business is an example of:

a) bonding capital
b) a food desert
c) bridging capital
d) social networks

Answer 6

bridging captial

Question 7

Compared with other countries, Canada gets an overall letter grade of _ for measures of quality of life and social performance, as a calculated by the Conference Board of Canada.

B
C
A
D

Answer 7

B

Question 8

What is neo-liberalism?

a) political ideology that highlights the importance of the welfare state
b) political ideology that identifies the state as the dominant institution
c) none of these
d) political ideology that identifies the market as the main institution

Answer 8

political ideology that identifies the market as the main institution

Question 9

The “Safety and Quality” pathway between housing and health is best demonstrated through which of the following?

a) living in a neighborhood with a high level of crime
b) spending most of your income on rent leading to less money for food
c) exposure to radon gas leading to lung cancer development
d) home ownership providing high level of social status

Answer 9

exposure to radon gas leading to lung cancer development

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT correct regarding housing?

a) the neighborhood in which a child lives impacts their health and opportunities
b) many families are spending over 30% of their income on rent or mortgage payments
c) housing is increasingly becoming unaffordable in Canada
d) all families who need subsidized housing are able to obtain it without difficulty

Answer 10

all families who need subsidized housing are able to obtain it without difficulty

Question 11

In the article by Kathryn MacKay and John Wellner, the OMA presents two groups from whom housing assistance is needed:

a) low-income seniors and those with mental illness
b) lone-parent families and recent immigrants
c) low-income women and children
d) veterans and indigenous people

Answer 11

low-income seniors and those with mental illness

Question 12

Which of the following Indigenous groups is NOT covered under the Non-Insured Health Benefits program?

a) First Nations
b) Métis
c) Inuit
d) none of these- they are all covered under this program

Answer 12

Métis

Question 13

The presence of schools, hospitals, and police stations in a neighborhood reflects the _ aspect of the built environment

Answer 13

service

Question 14

As shown in this course, countries that follow a _ welfare state have LARGER gender wage gaps

Answer 14

Liberal

Question 15

Which of the following factors have the greatest impact in health?

a) socio-demographic factors
b) health behaviours
c) genetics
d) peer influences

Answer 15

socio-demographic factors

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the relationship between income and health is true?

a) twice as many poor people die from respiratory illnesses compared to wealthy people
b) income inequality is the best indicator of the health of a population
c) income available is the best indicator of the health of a population
d) the risk of death increases with a higher income

Answer 16

income inequality is the best indicator of the health of a population

Question 17

In the film “Unnatural Causes: In Sickness and in Wealth”, data map of disease rates revealed that:

a) disease rates in eastern council districts were higher than those in western council districts
b) disease rates in western council districts were higher than those in eastern council districts
c) disease rates were the same across all council districts
d) there was no pattern is disease rates across council districts

Answer 17

disease rates in western council districts were higher than those in eastern council districts

Question 18

Which of the following statements is TRUE about the Materialist framework?

a) subjective living conditions explain how social determinants of health shape outcomes
b) according to this framework, people make an explicit decision to engage in unhealthy behaviours
c) health capital refers to your level of income in adulthood based on childhood experiences
d) according to this framework, the education of your parents influences your future adult health

Answer 18

according to this framework, the education of your parents influences your future adult health

Question 19

Which of the following statements about income distribution is TRUE?

a) today, there are fewer families who earn middle-income levels
b) the income of the poor has decreased over the last 30 years
c) recessions and recovery periods can reduce income inequalities
d) the income of the wealthy has not changed much over the last 30 years

Answer 19

today, there are fewer families who earn middle-income levels

Question 20

Which of following statements is TRUE about the wealth-health gradient?

a) those with a higher income are at a higher risk of death
b) all of these statements are true
c) health differences are only apparent between the highest and lowest income groups
d) the Whitehall study provides evidence of the wealth-health gradient

Answer 20

the Whitehall study provides evidence of the wealth-health gradient

Question 21

According to the _ Model, health is the absence of disease.

a) medical
b) health as wellness
c) biopsychosocial
d) ecological

Answer 21

medical

Question 22

Which of the following BEST describes the relationship between highschool graduation and income?

a) high school graduates earn more than drop-outs
b) there is no relationship between high school graduation and income
c) high school graduates earn less than drop-outs
d) high school graduation and income are related, but only in Canada

Answer 22

high school graduates earn more than drop-outs

Question 23

The smoke-free campus policy at Ontario Tech University is an example of which level of the Ecological Model?

a) institutional
b) interpersonal
c) public policy
d) individual

Answer 23

institutional

Question 24

_ refers to unfair differences in health status between groups.

a) social factors
b) health inequality
c) social gradient
d) health inequity

Answer 24

health inequity

Question 25

A political structure that provides a wide range of universal and generous social benefits to citizens is…

Answer 25

social democratic

Question 26

Adam lives in a neighborhood with high levels of crime and drug use. The house he lives in has black mold which causes his asthma to flare up This best describes the _ pathway of the Social structure model.

Answer 26

material

Question 27

Canada generally follows a _ political structure.

a) social democratic
b) liberal
c) conservative
d) latin

Answer 27

liberal

Question 28

Which of the following Canadian provinces/ territories experiences the HIGHEST level of food insecurity?

a) ontario
b) nunavut
c) nova scotia
d) britsh columbia

Answer 28

nunavut

Question 29

According to the article by Ryan Meili and Christine Gibson, increasing the minimum wage Alberta helps families afford better housing and eat more nutritious food, which can improve children’s readiness for school and academic outcomes. This can positively impact child development through:

a) pathway effects
b) trajectory effects
c) cumulative effects
d) latency effects

Answer 29

pathway effects

Question 30

which if the following is TRUE about marginal food insecurity?

a) it involves buying less food because there is less money left over after paying for rent
b) it involves skipping breakfast because there isn’t enough food for other meals
c) it involves visiting a food bank to get food
d) it involves worrying about running out of food before your next paycheck

Answer 30

it involves worrying about running out of food before your next paycheck

Question 31

What is latency effect?

a) how genes come to shape development and health
b) how multiple exposures over the lifespan influence health outcomes
c) how early exposures can have effects on health and development outcomes
d) how early exposures can set an individual on a particular trajectory that influences health outcomes over the lifespan

Answer 31

how early exposures can have effects on health and development outcomes

Question 32

_ may not bring forward health and safety concerns because of fear of repatriation.

a) youth
b) people with disabilities
c) immigrants
d) temporary migrant workers

Answer 32

temporary migrant workers

Question 33

which of the following members of a family is MOST likely to cut back on their own food intake during periods of severe food insecurity?

a) younger children
b) fathers
c) older children
d) mothers

Answer 33

mothers

Question 34

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

a) increased international trade has resulted in more full-time, permanent positions
b) increased competition in the market has contributed to the intensification of work
c) a knowledge economy means there are more opportunities for promotion with the same employer
d) decreased competition in the market has resulted in more non-standard positions

Answer 34

increased competition in the market has contributed to the intensification of work

Question 35

Which of the following jobs is NOT considered precarious?

a) running a daycare out of your home
b) a full-time job as a labourer on a farm
c) a part-time job at Tim Hortan’s
d) none of these

Answer 35

none of these

Question 36

Which of the following types of early childhood education and care programs have been decommodified in Canada?

a) kindergarten
b) preschool for 0-3 year olds
c) unlicensed private home child care for 0-5 year olds
d) all of these are decommodified in Canada

Answer 36

kindergarten

Question 37

The two important dimensions in Karasek’s Job Strain Model are _ and _.

Answer 37

Job demand and job control

Question 38

example of good/service that is decommodified in Canada

Answer 38

kindergarten
elementary school

Question 39

incomes of both rich and poor during economic recessions and recoveries

Answer 39

poor had a greater percentage of losses within income compared to the rich, and gained back much less than the rich during the recoveries

Question 40

how can healthcare professionals address SDoH with their patients?

Answer 40

reminding them to be mindful their lifestyle decisions as it could impact their health as well