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Biology Lab > Test #1 > Flashcards

Test #1 Flashcards

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1
Q

what type of microscope do we use in the labs?

A

compound light microscope

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2
Q 
the light passing through a specimen to be viewed can be controlled/adjusted using?
A. the rheostat
B.the iris diaphragm
C.the condenser
D. All of the above
A

D

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3
Q

A specimen on a slide is held in place by a spring clamp on the stage and moved around using:

A

the coaxial drive

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4
Q

when viewing an object using the microscope, you are actually looking through two separate lenses, the ______ lenses and one of the _________ lenses

A

Ocular

Objective

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5
Q

in order to focus an object the coarse or fine adjustment knobs are used which act to _____ or _____ the stage

A

raise

lower

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6
Q

If you are viewing a specimen using the 40x objective lens, what is the total magnification?

A

400x

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7
Q

The ______ the concentration difference, the ______ the rate of diffusion.

A

higher, faster
or
lower, slower

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8
Q

If solution A has a greater solute concentration than solution B, then A is said to be ____tonic to B

A

hyper

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9
Q

Diffusion is the random movement of molecules from:

A

A high concentration to a low concentration

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10
Q

osmosis is:

A

the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane in response to a concentration gradient

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11
Q

In lab B (diffusion and osmosis) what did the dialysis tubing act as?

A

The selectively permeable membrane of a cell

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12
Q 
All of the following are true of epithelial cells accept:
A. It can be glandular
B. It covers a surface or lines a lumen
C. An example of cartilage
D. It consists of tightly packed cells
A

C

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13
Q

A single layer of epithelial cells is called ______

A

simple

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14
Q

Two or more layers of epithelial cells are described as __________

A

stratified

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15
Q

the cells in bone are called __________

A

osteocytes

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16
Q

The matrix of ____ is called plasma

A

blood

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17
Q

What power of objective do you start focusing with?

A

5x

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18
Q

Name four types of tissue

A

Epithelial, connective, nervous, and muslce

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19
Q

There are 5 types of human tissues, can you name the fifth

A

Embryonic

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20
Q

The person giving blood to another person is known as the?

A

Donor

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21
Q

The person the blood was given to is known as the?

A

Recipient

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22
Q

If you have ever had hepatitis, HIV, or any other related disease why must you not take part in this lab?

A

Because you risk spreading the disease to others through your blood.

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23
Q

Why should antisera not be added directly to a blood sample

A

Because it could potentially contaminate it.

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24
Q

What should you do if your skin comes into contact with another persons blood?

A

Wash your hands immediately with hot water and soap

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25
Q

Why must all these materials in this lab be sterilized before disposal?

A

So the materials don’t have any blood left on them that could potentially harm someones health.

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26
Q

Why must spilled blood be wiped immediately with a strong bleach solution?

A

To disinfect the area so there is no risk of spreading disease or other viruses through touching the blood.

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27
Q

What are the function(s) of neutrophils?

A

phagocytize bacteria and cellular debris.

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28
Q

What are the function(s) of lymphocytes?

A

release free floating antibodies & T cells (immune response)

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29
Q

What are the function(s) of monocytes?

A

highly phagocitic, accumulate in high numbers later in infection

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30
Q

What are the function(s) of eosinophils?

A

fight parasitic worms & participate in inflammatory and allergic responses

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31
Q

What are the function(s) of basophils?

A

release chemicals which are involved in inflammatory and allergic reactions. release histamine/ prevent clots via heparin

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32
Q

What does elevated numbers of neutrophils indicate?

A

infection such as appendicitis or abcesses

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33
Q

What does elevated numbers of lymphocytes indicate?

A

whooping cough and some viral infections

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34
Q

What does elevated numbers of monocytes indicate?

A

infection

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35
Q

What does elevated numbers of epsinophils indicate?

A

allergic reaction or parasitic worms

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36
Q

What does elevated numbers of basophils indicate?

A

infection/allergic reaction

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37
Q

what is the structure of simple squamous?

A

flat, single layer of cells

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38
Q

What is the function of simple squamous?

A

Function as mediators of filtration and diffusion (gas exchange)

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39
Q

Where is the location of simple squamous?

A

Lung (lining of avcoli )

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40
Q

What is the structure of stratified squamous?

A

Multiple cell layers, flat

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41
Q

What are the functions of stratified squamous?

A

Meant to protect.

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42
Q

Where is the location of stratified squamous?

A

Skin (outer epidermous)

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43
Q

What is the structure of simple cuboidal?

A

square, single layer of cells

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44
Q

What are the functions of simple cuboidal?

A

absorption, secretion of mucus, enzymes, and other substances

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45
Q

Where is the location of simple cuboidal?

A

Kidney (tubules)

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46
Q

What is the structure of simple columnar with brush border?

A

tall, single layer cells

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47
Q

What are the functions of simple columnar with brush border?

A

absorption

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48
Q

Where is the location of simple columnar with brush border?

A

intestine

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49
Q

What is the structure of simple ciliated columnar?

A

tall, have ilia, single layer of cells

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50
Q

What are the functions of ciliated columnar?

A

protection (move mucus)

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51
Q

Where is the location of ciliated columnar?

A

lung (inner layer of a large bronchiole

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52
Q

What is the structure of of transitional?

A

multiple layers of cells, can be controlled or expanded

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53
Q

What are the functions of transitional?

A

can contract and expand

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54
Q

Where is the location of transitional?

A

urinary bladder (lines it)

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55
Q

What is the structure of pseudostratified ciliated columnar?

A

single layer of cells, look stratified

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56
Q

What are the functions of pseudostratified ciliated columnar?

A

secretion of mucus

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57
Q

Where is the pseudostratified ciliated columnar located?

A

Trachea (lining the inside of it)

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58
Q

abdominal

A

relating to the abdomen

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59
Q

Trunk

A

a person’s or animal’s body apart from the limbs and head.

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60
Q

Axillary

A

of or relating to the armpit.

61
Q

oral

A

of or relating to the mouth.

62
Q

otic

A

of or relating to the ear.

63
Q

cranial

A

of or relating to the skull or cranium

64
Q

facial

A

of or affecting the face.

65
Q

cervical

A

of or relating to the neck.

66
Q

lumbar

A

relating to the lower part of the back.

67
Q

pubic

A

of or relating to the pubes or pubis.

68
Q

thoracic

A

the part of the body of a mammal between the neck and the abdomen, including the cavity enclosed by the ribs, breastbone, and dorsal vertebrae, and containing the chief organs of circulation and respiration; the chest.

69
Q

anterior

A

nearer the front, especially situated in the front of the body or nearer to the head.

70
Q

posterior

A

further back in position; of or nearer the rear or hind end, especially of the body or a part of it.

71
Q

superior

A

further above or out; higher in position.

72
Q

inferior

A

low or lower in position.

73
Q

medial

A

situated near the median plane of the body or the midline of an organ.

74
Q

lateral

A

of, at, toward, or from the side or sides

75
Q

proximal

A

situated nearer to the center of the body or the point of attachment.

76
Q

distal

A

situated away from the center of the body or from the point of attachment.

77
Q

Superficial

A

towards the surface

78
Q

deep

A

away from the surface

79
Q

parietal

A

of, relating to, attached to, or denoting the wall of the body or of a body cavity or hollow structure.

80
Q

visceral

A

of or relating to the viscera.

81
Q

viscera

A

the internal organs in the main cavities of the body, especially those in the abdomen,

82
Q

dorsal

A

towards the back

83
Q

ventral

A

towards the front

84
Q

abdominopelvic

A

relating to or being the abdominal and pelvic cavities of the body.

85
Q

pleural

A

the delicate serous membrane that lines each half of the thorax of mammals and is folded back over the surface of the lung of the same side

86
Q

pericardial

A

of, relating to, or affecting the pericardium; also : situated around the heart.

87
Q

pericardium

A

the membrane enclosing the heart, consisting of an outer fibrous layer and an inner double layer of serous membrane.

88
Q

what are the two types of cells?

A

prokaryotic, Eukaryotic

89
Q

prokaryotic?

A
  • small & simple
  • no membrane bound organelles
  • circular DNA
    e. g. bacteria
90
Q

Eukoryotic?

A
  • large & complex
  • membrane bound organelles
  • linear DNA
    e. g. animal cell
91
Q

What is field of view?

A

total area visible

92
Q

Define tissues

A

group of similar cells & their inter-cellular substances that together perform a common function

93
Q

what is the 5th type of tissue?

A

embryonic

94
Q

simple

A

single layer of cells

95
Q

squamous

A

flat

96
Q

stratified

A

multiple layers of cells

97
Q

cuboidal

A

square

98
Q

colomnar

A

tall- rectangular

99
Q

what is pseudostratified colomnar?

A

found in trachea
special type
looks like 2 layers but is only 1

100
Q

Composition of blood:
plasma _%
leukocytes less than _%
erythrocytes _%

A

55, 1, 45

101
Q

What is plasma made of (in percentages)

A

90% water 10% dissolved solutes

102
Q

Erythrocytes- name and function

A

red blood cells

transport o2 & co2

103
Q

leukocytes- name

A

white blood cells

104
Q

Name the 5 type of leukocytes and the percentages

A
  1. neutrophil 50-70%
  2. lymphocytes 25%
  3. monocytes 3-8%
  4. eosinophils 2-4%
  5. basophil .5-1%
105
Q

RBC count normal range for
boys:
girls:

A
  1. 2-5.4 x 10^6 mm3-1

4. 6-6.2 x 10^6 mm3-1

106
Q 
Antigen for:
A
B
AB
O
A

A
B
AB
—-

107
Q 
Antibody for:
A
B
AB
O
A

anti B
anti A
———
anti A & anti B

108
Q 
What it can receive:
A
B
AB
O
A

A, O
B, O
AB, O, A, B
O

109
Q

What is agglutination and what does it lead to?

A

red blood cells stick together leads to death

110
Q

What if a mismatch of blood occurs?

A

agglutination

111
Q

name 4 types of cartilage

A

hyaline- nose
fibrocartilage - intervertebral discs
elastic- pinna of ear
articular- subtype of hyaline/ joints-slippery

112
Q

Frontal (coronal) plane

A

is any vertical plane that divides the body into ventral and dorsal (belly and back) sections. It is one of the planes of the body used to describe the location of body parts in relation to each other.

113
Q

tranverse

A

The transverse plane (also called the horizontal plane, axial plane, or transaxial plane) is an imaginary plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts. It is perpendicular to the coronal and sagittal planes.

114
Q

midsaggital plane

A

The median plane also called a midsagittal plane is used to describe the sagittal plane as it bisects the body vertically through the midline marked by the navel, dividing the body exactly in left and right side.

115
Q

parasagittal plane

A

This plane cuts the body into halves (assuming bilateral symmetry), passing through midline structures such as the navel and spine. It is one of the lines defining the right upper quadrant of the human abdomen. The term parasagittal is used to describe any plane parallel to the sagittal plane.

116
Q

longitudinal section

A

the representation of an object as it would appear if cut by the vertical plane passing through the longest axis of the object.

117
Q

oblique section

A

: a section in a mechanical drawing that is neither a cross section nor a longitudinal section. To access the complete Unabridged Dictionary, with an additional 300,000 words that aren’t in our free dictionary, start a free trial.

118
Q

areolar- function

A

helps body organs by forming soft packaging

119
Q

adipose- function

A

fat storage

120
Q

reticular connective tissue- function

A

bind together soft organs

121
Q

elastic connective tissue- function

A

helps expand and stretch

122
Q

dense regular connective tissue- function

A

attach muscle to the bone

123
Q

hyaline cartilage - function

A

provides smooth surfaces, enabling tissue to move

124
Q

compact bone - function

A

provides strength & protection to the bone

125
Q

vascular connective tissue

A

carries O2

126
Q

areolar- cells

A

mast cells, wbcs, fibro blasts

127
Q

adipose- cells

A

fribroblasts adipocytes

128
Q

reticular connective tissue- cells

A

fibroblasts

129
Q

elastic connective tissue- cells

A

fibroblasts

130
Q

dense regular connective tissue- cells

A

dispersed, fibroblast

131
Q

hyaline cartilage- cells

A

chondrocytes

132
Q

compact bone - cells

A

osteocytes

133
Q

vascular connective tissue- cells

A

leukocytes, erythrocytes

134
Q

areolar- fibers

A

collagonous, elastic, reticular

135
Q

adipose- fibers

A

elastic

136
Q

reticular connective tissue- fibers

A

reticular fibers

137
Q

elastic connective tissue- fibers

A

elastic fibers

138
Q

dense regular connective tissues- fibers

A

parallel, collagenous,

139
Q

hyaline cartilage- fibers

A

collagenous

140
Q

compact bone - fibers

A

collagenous

141
Q

vascular connective tissue- fibers

A

none

142
Q

areolar- location

A

subcutaneous layer

143
Q

adipose- location

A

subcutaneous layer, kidney, intestine, joints, hearts

144
Q

reticular connective tissue- location

A

liver, spleen, lymph nodes

145
Q

elastic connective tissues- location

A

artery, trachea, lungs

146
Q

dense regular connective tissue - location

A

tendons, ligaments

147
Q

hyaline cartilage- location

A

ribs, nose, trachea

148
Q

compact bone- location

A

human bone

149
Q

vascular connective tissue- location

A

blood vessels

Biology Lab (1 decks)

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