Test 1

Question 1

3 components of LD definition

Answer 1

1. Info processing deficit
2. Ability-achievement discrepancy
3. Exclusion clause

Question 2

Academic areas impacted by LD definition

Answer 2

1. Oral expression
2. Written expression
3. Listening comprehension
4. Basic reading skills
5. Fluency skills
6. Reading comprehension
7. Math calculations
8. Math reasoning

Question 3

Is LD a life long condition?

Answer 3

Yes

Question 4

How LD appears over other cultures

Answer 4

LD is a universal condition that occurs across all cultures, language groups, and economic classes

Question 5

8 common elements

Answer 5

1. Academic deficits
2. Psychological process
3. Neurological deficits
4. Uneven growth patterns
5. Social relation problems
6. Life long condition
7. Exclusion of other causes
8. Comorbidity

Question 6

Gender implications

Answer 6

More boys than girls identified in schools

Question 7

Prevalence

Answer 7

47% of all students with disabilities labeled LD

4.5% of total school population LD

Question 8

Progression of causes over time

Answer 8

Circle starting at the top with organic then perception then environment then back to organic

Question 9

4 general causes

Answer 9

1. Written language
2. Spoken language
3. Perceptual motor
4. Environmental

Question 10

6 models

Answer 10

1. Medical
2. Diagnostic/ remedial
3. Developmental
4. Cognitive
5. Constructivism
6. Behavioral

Question 11

Strauss

Answer 11

Observed and taught brain injured children via perception

Question 12

Kirk

Answer 12

First to coin the term learning disability

Developed remedial teaching techniques

Question 13

LD definition

Answer 13

A disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or using language, spoken or written which may manifest itself in an imperfect ability to listen, think, write, spell, or to do mathematical calculations

Question 14

Information processing deficit

Answer 14

One of the three components of IDEA definition

Deficit within info processing loop

• taking in info
• storing info
• retrieving info

Language based system

Question 15

Info processing deficits result in an “imperfect ability” to…

Answer 15

• listen
• think
• write
• spell
• math calculations

Question 16

Ability-achievement discrepancy

Answer 16

Difference between what a child has the potential to do and how a child is actually doing

Question 17

Exclusion clause

Answer 17

Child can not be identified as LD if learning disabilities are caused by sensory disability, CD/EBD, environmental, cultural, or economic disadvantages, limited English proficiency, or poor instruction

Question 18

Recent change in definition

Answer 18

2004- no longer require “severe discrepancy” between achievement and ability

Question 19

Purpose of RTI

Answer 19

Developed in response to problems with ability achievement discrepancy

Alternate means of identifying students with LD

Question 20

Comorbidity

Answer 20

2 conditions that pair up together

ie LD and depression

CANNOT be from 13 disability categories

Question 21

Peaks and valleys

Answer 21

Variability in performance across subject areas

Question 22

4 historical phases

Answer 22

1. Brain research
2. Transition to instruction
3. Integration
4. Current

Question 23

Brain research

Answer 23

1800-1930
Focus on brain function and dysfunction

Brocca and Wernick- spoken language theory

Question 24

Transition to instruction

Answer 24

1930-1960

Focus on clinical study of brain injured instruction

Question 25

Integration

Answer 25

1960-1980
Focus on rapid expansion of school programs for students with LD

IDEA PASSES

Question 26

Current

Answer 26

1990-present

Focus on emerging directions

Question 27

Familial

Answer 27

Not proof of heredity

“Runs in families”

Question 28

Genetic

Answer 28

The degree to which condition is genetically transmitted