Test 1 Flashcards
3 components of LD definition
- Info processing deficit
- Ability-achievement discrepancy
- Exclusion clause
Academic areas impacted by LD definition
- Oral expression
- Written expression
- Listening comprehension
- Basic reading skills
- Fluency skills
- Reading comprehension
- Math calculations
- Math reasoning
Is LD a life long condition?
Yes
How LD appears over other cultures
LD is a universal condition that occurs across all cultures, language groups, and economic classes
8 common elements
- Academic deficits
- Psychological process
- Neurological deficits
- Uneven growth patterns
- Social relation problems
- Life long condition
- Exclusion of other causes
- Comorbidity
Gender implications
More boys than girls identified in schools
Prevalence
47% of all students with disabilities labeled LD
4.5% of total school population LD
Progression of causes over time
Circle starting at the top with organic then perception then environment then back to organic
4 general causes
- Written language
- Spoken language
- Perceptual motor
- Environmental
6 models
- Medical
- Diagnostic/ remedial
- Developmental
- Cognitive
- Constructivism
- Behavioral
Strauss
Observed and taught brain injured children via perception
Kirk
First to coin the term learning disability
Developed remedial teaching techniques
LD definition
A disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or using language, spoken or written which may manifest itself in an imperfect ability to listen, think, write, spell, or to do mathematical calculations
Information processing deficit
One of the three components of IDEA definition
Deficit within info processing loop
- taking in info
- storing info
- retrieving info
Language based system
Info processing deficits result in an “imperfect ability” to…
- listen
- think
- write
- spell
- math calculations
Ability-achievement discrepancy
Difference between what a child has the potential to do and how a child is actually doing
Exclusion clause
Child can not be identified as LD if learning disabilities are caused by sensory disability, CD/EBD, environmental, cultural, or economic disadvantages, limited English proficiency, or poor instruction
Recent change in definition
2004- no longer require “severe discrepancy” between achievement and ability
Purpose of RTI
Developed in response to problems with ability achievement discrepancy
Alternate means of identifying students with LD
Comorbidity
2 conditions that pair up together
ie LD and depression
CANNOT be from 13 disability categories
Peaks and valleys
Variability in performance across subject areas
4 historical phases
- Brain research
- Transition to instruction
- Integration
- Current
Brain research
1800-1930
Focus on brain function and dysfunction
Brocca and Wernick- spoken language theory
Transition to instruction
1930-1960
Focus on clinical study of brain injured instruction
Integration
1960-1980
Focus on rapid expansion of school programs for students with LD
IDEA PASSES
Current
1990-present
Focus on emerging directions
Familial
Not proof of heredity
“Runs in families”
Genetic
The degree to which condition is genetically transmitted
