Test 1 Flashcards
Stridor
- continuous musical sound because falls under a wheeze, may not need stethoscope to hear.
- caused by laryngeal spasm and mucosal edema
- can be life threatening by completely blocking airway
- Heard on inspiration, trying to inhale and cant
Wheezes vs Stridor
- Wheezes are airflow through obstructed airways caused by bronchospasms or mucosal edema (refer to lungs or lobes)
- Stridor is rapid airflow through obstructed airway by inflammation, mucosal swelling or foreign body obstruction.
- read where theyre assessing patient, based on location
Pleural friction Rub
- Discontinuous sound by grating of pleural linings rubbing together
- “creaking leather” or grating type of sound
- Usually confined to one area
- Patient may have pain on inspiration
- rubbing hands together will get similar sound
Abnormal Voice Sounds
- Bronchophony
- Whispered pectoriloquy
- Egophony
- Snoring
Bronchophony
- Clear, distinct voice sound heard over dense, airless tissue as patient speaks out loud.
- As patient says “99” and the listener hears a muffled “99” sound
Whispered Pectoriloquy
- Clear, distinct voice sound heard over consolidated, airless tissue as the patient whispered and still hear it
- Patient says “1-2-3 and you can hear it clearly
Egophony
- Voice sound that has a nasal quality when heard over consolidation as patient says “E”
- Sounds like “A or Aaay”
Snoring
- Not a breath/Lung sound
- Frequently associated sleep apnea
- Not everyone who snores has sleep apnea though
Sleep Apnea Characteristics
- Large necks
- Enlarged tonsils,
- Sudden awakening
- daytime sleepiness
- obesity
Topography
Using surface land marks to help identify areas of lung tissue
- Imaginary Lines
- Important landmarks
- Fissures
- Tracheal bifurcation
- diaphragm
- lung borders
Imaginary Lines: Anterior
- Midsternal
- Right and Left midclavicular
Imaginary Lines: Lateral
- Midaxillary
- Posterior axillary
- Anterior axillary
Imaginary Lines: Posterior
- Midspinal
- Right and left scapular line
Important Landmarks: Anterior
- Suprasternal Notch
- Angle of Louis or Sternal Angle
- Xiphoid
- Ribs
Important Landmarks: Posterior
Spinal process C7
Spinal process T1
Scapula
Fissures
Right and Left Oblique fissures (divides lungs into upper and lower)
Left side lung separates
Left upper lobe
Right side of lung separates
right upper lobe (RUL), Right middle lobe (RML), and Right lower lobe (RLL)
Horizontal Fissure
Right side only
-Divides RML from RUL and RLL
“Wedge” refers to
RML
Tracheal Bifurcation
“Carina”
Positioning
-Anteriorly at sternal notch
-Posteriorly at T4
Superior Lung Borders
- anterior chest lungs extend 2-4 cm above the medial third of the clavicle
- Posterior: extends to T1
Inferior Lung Border
Anterior: chest extend to approximately the 6th rib at the midclavicular line
Posterior: varies with ventilation between approximately T9-T12
Lateral Lung Border
8th rib