Test 1 Flashcards
Pareto Principle
80% of problems have 20% of the cause.
A management philosophy that emphasizes an approach of continuous improvement.
Total Quality Management (TQM)
Deming’s 14 points
- Have a constant purpose.
- Adopt TQM.
- Build and measure quality rather than inspecting
- Develop long-run relationships.
- Constant improvement.
- Provide appropriate training.
- Leadership.
- Remove fear and concentrate in quality communication.
- Departments should work together.
- Slogans-Quotas-MBO.
- Remove arbitrary targets.
- Remove barriers to pride in workmanship.
- Institute a vigorous program of education.
- Accomplish the transformation.
Strongly believed that the cost of a lack of quality is much higher than the cost of including quality.
Philip B. Crosby
The “Four Absolutes” Crosby was known for.
- Quality has to be defined as conformance to requirements not as good ness or elegance.
- The system for assuring quality is prevention, not appraisal.
- The performance standard must be zero defects, not “that is good enough”
- The measurement is the price of non-conformance, not indices.
The five deadly diseases
- Lack of constancy of purpose.
- Emphasis on short-term results.
- Evaluation of performance, merit rating, and annual review.
- Mobility of management (job hopping).
- Management by use of only visible figured, with little or no consideration of figures that are unknown or unknowable.
MBO (management by objective)
- Puts the short-run goal into objective.
- Focus on short-run goals rather than long run goals.
When was W. Edward Deming’s born?
1900 in Sioux City, Iowa
The average absolute amount that values deviate from the mean.
Mean absolute deviation
The total of the squared deviations that all values deviate from the population mean.
Variation
The average squared amount that values deviate from the population mean.
Population variance
Square root of the sample variance.
Sample standard deviation
DMAIC
D define a problem
M measure performance
A analyze the process to find the causes of bad performance
I improve the process by focusing on the main problems
C control the new process to maintain improvement
Phases of project management
- Initiation phase (what do we need to do?)
- Planning phase (how are we going to do it?)
- Execution phase (do it.)
Not able to communicate at the same time. (Ex: sending emails)
Asynchronous communication
Face-to-face meeting. All members present at the same time. (Ex: Skype or a meeting together in person)
Synchronous communication
Management activities
- Prioritize
- Develop relationships
- Make sure everyone plans to complete activity
- Adaptability
- Re-prioritize if needed
Components of being fully present.
- Be free to notice everything and don’t pretend certain things aren’t happening.
- Be free to ask about anything puzzling.
- Be free to comment on anything, especially on your own reactions.
- Be free to comment when you do not feel any of the above freedoms.
Accomplishment of a significant that is completed prior to the completion of the entire project.
Milestone
Could calculate the percentage of items that would fall within a certain interval.
Confidence intervals
The square root of the population variance.
Population standard deviation
Uses sample data to provide us with an unbiased estimator for the population variance.
Sample variance
A sample whereby every entity in the population had an equal chance of being selected.
Random sample
A formula that on average provides the parameter we are trying to estimate. (Expected Value of the Estimator is equal to the population parameter)
Unbiased estimator
