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Physics 101 > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

vibration

A

periodic wiggle in time

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2
Q

wave

A

a periodic wiggle in both space and time

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3
Q

what kind of wave is a sound wave?

A

mechanical

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4
Q

sine curve

A

pictorial representation of a wave produced by simple harmonic motion

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5
Q

amplitude

A

distance from the midpoint to the crest of the wave

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6
Q

wavelength

A

distance from the top of one crest to the top of the next crest

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7
Q

frequency

A

how frequently a vibration occurs

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8
Q

what is the unit of frequency

A

the hertz

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9
Q

period

A

time for one complete vibration

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10
Q

how are frequency and periods related mathematically?

A

they are reciprocals

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11
Q

frequency =

A

1/period

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12
Q

period =

A

1/frequency

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13
Q

transverse wave

A

the motion of the medium is transverse to the direction the wave travels

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14
Q

transverse motion

A

the right-angled, or sideways, motion of a wave

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15
Q

longitudinal wave

A

the motion is along the direction of the wave rather than at right angles to it

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16
Q

wave speed =

A

frequency x wavelength

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17
Q

wave interference

A

when two waves overlap each other

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18
Q

interference pattern

A
  • overlapping of waves

- wave effects may be increased, decreased or neutralized

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19
Q

superposition principle

A

when more than one wave occupies the same space at the same time, the displacements add at every point

20
Q

constructive interference

A

when the crest of one wave overlaps the crest of another and their individual effects add together to produce a wave of increased amplitude

21
Q

destructive interference

A

when the crest of one wave overlaps the trough of another, their individual effects are reduced. the high part of one wave fills in the low part of another

22
Q

standing wave

A

a stationary interference pattern formed in a medium when the two sets of identical waves pass through the medium in opposite directions

23
Q

Doppler effect

A

the shift in received frequency due to the motion of a vibrating source toward or away from a receiver

24
Q

bow wave

A

the v-shaped disturbance created by an objet moving across a liquid surface at a speed greater than the wave speed

25
Q

shock wave

A

the cone-shaped disturbance created by an object moving at supersonic speed through a fluid

26
Q

sonic boom

A

the loud sound that results from the incidence of a shock wave

27
Q

pitch

A

the highness or lowness of a tone; related to wave frequency

28
Q

infrasonic

A

describes a sound that has a frequency too low to be hear by the normal human ear

29
Q

ultrasonic

A

describes a sound that has a frequency too high to be heard by the normal human ear

30
Q

compression

A

a condensed region of the medium through which a longitudinal wave travels

31
Q

rarefaction

A

a rarefied region of the medium through which a longitudinal wave travels

32
Q

reverberation

A

the persistence of sound, as in an echo, due to multiple reflections

33
Q

refraction

A

the bending of sound or any wave caused by a difference in wave speeds

34
Q

forced vibration

A

the setting up of vibrations in an object by a vibrating force

35
Q

natural frequency

A

the frequency at which an elastic object tends to vibrate when it is disturbed and the disturbing force is removed

36
Q

resonance

A

the response of a body when a forcing frequency matches its natural frequency

37
Q

interference

A

a result of superposing different waves, often of the same wavelength. constructive interference results from crest-to-crest reinforcement; destructive interference results from crest-to-trough cancellation

38
Q

beats

A

a series of alternate reinforcements and cancellations produced by the interference of two waves of slightly different frequencies, heard as a throbbing effect in sound wave

39
Q

pitch

A

the highness or lowness of a tone, as on a musical scale, which is principally governed by frequency. a high-frequency vibrating source produces a sound of high pitch and vise versa

40
Q

intensity

A

the power per square meter carried by a sound wave, often measured in decibels

41
Q

loudness

A

the physiological sensation directly related to sound intensity or volume

42
Q

quality

A

the characteristic sound of a musical instrument or voice, which is governed by the number and relative intensities of partial tones

43
Q

partial tone

A

a single frequency component sound wave of a complex tone. when the frequency of a partial tone is an integer multiple of the lowest frequency, it is referred to as harmonic

44
Q

fundamental frequency

A

the lowest frequency of vibration, or first harmonic, in a musical tone

45
Q

harmonic

A

a partial tone whose frequency is an integer multiple of the fundamental frequency. the second harmonic has twice the frequency of the fundamental and the third has three times the frequency and so on

46
Q

fourier analysis

A

a mathematical method that disassembles any periodic waveform into a combination of simple sine waves

Physics 101 (1 decks)

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