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Advanced Hab/Rehab > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 12 Cranial Nerves
(On old Olympus’ towering top a Fin and German viewed some hops)

(Some say marry money but my brother says big brains matter most)

A
  1. Olfactory - S
  2. Optic - S
  3. Oculomotor - M
  4. Trochlear - M
  5. Trigeminal - B
  6. Abducens - M
  7. Facial - B
  8. Acoustic - S
  9. Glossopharyngeal - B
  10. Vagus - B
  11. Spinal Accessory - M
  12. Hypoglossal - M
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2
Q

Define Axon

A

Fibers that take impulses away from the cell body

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3
Q

Define Dendrite

A

Fiber branches that receive impulses from other parts of the nervous system and bring them to the cell body

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4
Q

Define Synapse

A

Gap between neurons that transmits impulses

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5
Q

Gray Matter contains what type of fibers?

A

Unmyelinated

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6
Q

White Matter contains what type of fibers?

A

Myelinated

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7
Q

Describe Efferent Impulses

A

Impulses moving from the spinal cord to the body part.
Motor Neurons
Anterior Horn

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8
Q

Descrive Afferent Impulses

A

Impulses moving from the body part to the spinal cord
Sensory Neurons
Posterior Horn

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9
Q

What are the 3 Stages of Motor Planning? Define each.

A
  1. Cognitive Phase: Everything is new and you are learning how to do everything from the beginning.
  2. Associated Phase: Learning to put all of the pieces together. Starting to refine the skill to make it better.
  3. Autonomous Phase: Becoming the best you can be at a certain skill. Have to keep practicing in order to maintain the skill level. This is done repetitively.
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10
Q

What are the 4 Phases of Developmental Strategies to Improve Motor Control?

A
  1. Improve Mobility: assume posture, but do NOT maintain it. (AAROM, repeated contractions with stretch, hold-relax techniques)
  2. Improve Stability: ability to remain in posture before moving to next posture. (placing and holding, alternating isometrics, rhythmic stabilization)
  3. Improve Controlled Mobility: ability to move with in posture but NOT develop a skill. (weight shifting, PNF patterns) ex: lunges or jumping jacks
  4. Improve Skill: making progress moving in different directions from one point to another. (resisted progression, coordinated exercises) ex: lunge walking
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11
Q

What spinal nerve goes below the head

A

11 - Spinal Accessory Nerve

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12
Q

Define Hypotonia

A

A decrease in muscle tone

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13
Q

Define Ataxia

A

A loss of power of muscle coordination

ex. CP child

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14
Q

Define Dysdiadochokinesia

A

Impaired ability to perform rapid alternating movements

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15
Q

Define Rebound Phenomenon

A

The loss of the check reflex which functions to HALT a forceful active movement

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16
Q

Define Dysmetria

A

A disturbance in the ability to judge the distance or range of a movement. Pt will go past or not be able to directly reach an item.

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17
Q

Define Movement Decomposition

A

A movement performed in a sequence of component parts rather than a smooth, single activity. Movements are broken-down into sections instead of 1 smooth movement.

18
Q

Define Dysarthria

A

Disorder affecting the motor component in speech articulation.

19
Q

Define Dysphagia

A

Difficulty swallowing.

20
Q

Define Nystagmus

A

A rhythmic, oscillatory movement of the eyes. Is is apparent as the eyes move away from a midline object.

21
Q

Define Dizziness

A

A broad term that describes the sensation that results from the disruption of information from the vestibular, visual and somatosensory systems.

22
Q

Define Vertigo

A

The resultant false feeling of movement relative to one’s environment, a rotation or spinning movement often associated with nausea.

23
Q

Define Lightheadedness

A

A common complaint relating to a giddy, faint, dazed feeling.

24
Q

Define Disequilibrium

A

An unsteady, clumsy, wobbling or swaying movement.

25
Q

Does your patients ethnicity have any effect on how you treat your patients during their treatment?

A

Yes, depending on their cultural background there may be certain things that a male PT will not be able to do with a female patient. You strive to treat all patients equally but sometimes their cultural background will have an influence on the treatment.

26
Q

What is Static Equilibrium VS. Dynamic Equilibrium

A

Static: This is when you are sitting or standing still. You are NOT moving.

Dynamic: This is when you ARE moving. Examples are jumping, running, or swimming.

27
Q

What is the difference between Tremor-Intention and Tremor-Resting?

A

Tremor-Intention: Pt will start shaking while they are moving or doing a task such as touching their nose.

Tremor-Resting: Pt will shake while they are at rest.

28
Q

What nerve is affected in Pt’s with Bell’s Palsy?

A

Cranial Nerve 7 - Facial

29
Q

What are your Spinal Nerves called once they extend below L2?

A

Peripheral Nerves and if there is an injury below L2 it is known as a Peripheral Nerve Injury NOT a Spinal Cord Injury.

30
Q

What is the cross over point in the brain that connects both sides?

A

Corpus Callosum

31
Q

What are each of the functions of the 4 Lobes of the Brain?

A

Frontal Lobe: Personality, Speech, Movement

Occipital Lobe: Vision

Parietal Lobe: Touch and Sensation

Temporal Lobe: Hearing and Smell

32
Q

Where does the blood supply to the brain come from?

A

Circle of Willis: cerebral arterial circle at the base of the brain formed by the connections of the anterior and posterior cerebral arteries.

33
Q

What are the 3 level of protection of the brain?

A
  1. Skull
  2. Meninges: 3 membranes (Dura, Arachnoid & Pia)
  3. Cerebrospinal Fluid
34
Q

Describe Cerebrospinal Fluid

A

The fluid that circulates in the subarachnoid space and fills the 4 ventricles of the brian; provides shock absorption.

35
Q

What types of sensations are carried by the Neospinothalamic/Paleospinothalamic and Dorsal Column?

A

Neospinothalamic/Paleospinothalamic: Carries Pain & Temp.

Dorsal Column: Light Touch, Proprioception & Vibration

36
Q

What is the difference between Open Loop VS. Closed Loop?

A

Open: Example would be jumping off a cliff for the 1st time in your life. You aren’t sure what to expect because you have no previous knowledge or feedback. They don’t know what the results are going to be.

Closed: Example is professional athletics. They throw a football/baseball so many times and do so with such precision because they have a lot of feedback due to the repetition of the skill. They know what the results are going to be.

37
Q

Define the following types of Receptors/Sensations:
Exteroceptors
Proprioceptors
Interoceptors

A

Exteroceptors: Responsible for Superficial Sensations; Poke, Pinch, Smooth Stroke

Proprioceptors: Sensory receptors in Muscles/Tendons; deep sensations and vibrations

Interoceptors: Sensory receptors in Organs; digestion, HR and BP

38
Q 
Define the following Sensations:
Stereognosis
Tactile Localization
2-Point
Bilateral
Barognosis
Graphesthesia
A

Stereognosis: Can tell what something is by just looking at it and feeling it.

Tactile Localization: Pt is blindfolded and you touch them; Pt can tell you exactly where you touched them.

2-Point: Pt can tell the difference btw getting touched by 1 pt or 2 its.

Bilateral: Pt gets touched with 1 pt and then 2 pts randomly and has to decided btw the two stimulus.

Barognosis: Measures pressure.

Graphesthesia: Able to identify what letter you draw on their back while blindfolded.

39
Q

What kind of stimulus does someone in a Low Arousal State VS. High Arousal State need?

A

Low: High Intensity, Hight Frequency, Intermittent, Phasic
(Talking Loud, Increased Activity)

High: Low Intensity, Low Frequency, Maintained, Tonic
(Soft, Smooth Music/Voice, Dim Lights)

40
Q

What are the 4 Types of Imbalance?

A

Ankle Strategy
Hip Strategy
Steppage

41
Q

Traction/Distraction stimulates which reflex?

Compression stimulate which reflex?

A

Traction/Distraction = Flexion

Compression = Extension

Advanced Hab/Rehab (4 decks)

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