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Pain > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

0
Q

acute pain lasts LESS than 3-6 months and is usually associated with ____

A

nociceptive

nociceptive is either somatic or visceral

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1
Q

define pain

A

an unpleasant sensory AND emotional experience with actual OR potential tissue damage OR described in terms of such damage

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2
Q

nociceptive is either __ or __

A

somatic or visceral

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3
Q

chronic pain tends to be non-____

A

non-nociceptive

non-nociceptive is either neuropathic or idiopathic (psychogenic)

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4
Q

non-nociceptive is either __ or __

A

non-nociceptive is either neuropathic or idiopathic (psychogenic)

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5
Q

Somatic pain is well localized, sharp in nature, and generally hurts at the point or area of stimulus. Somatic pain is carried by __ fibers

A

type A fibers

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6
Q

Visceral pain is diffuse and can be referred to another area, dull, achy, vague. Probably carried by type __ fibers

A

C

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7
Q

Neuropathic pain is like when you hit your funny bone, it’s a shock. It’s __

A

abnormal

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8
Q

Idiopathic pain has no apparent cause, may be psychological aka ___

A

idiopathic aka psychogenic

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9
Q

define algesia

A

increased sensitivity to pain, the pain threshold is decreased

algae are VERY sensitive to pain

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10
Q

define algogenic

A

pain producing

OWWgogenic

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11
Q

define allodynia

A

a usually nonharmful stimulus that is perceived as painful

an aloe plant is usually harmless, but if you’ve never seen one before you might think it would be painful

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12
Q

define analgesia

A

the absence of pain in the presence of a normally painful stimulus

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13
Q

define dysethesia

A

an unpleasant painful abnormal sensation, whether evoked or spontaneous

the opposite of good anesthesia is dysethesia

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14
Q

define hyperalgesia

A

a hyper response to pain

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15
Q

define neuralgia

A

pain in the distribution or region covered by a peripheral nerve

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16
Q

define neuropathy

A

an abnormal disturbance in the function of a nerve

neuro-path

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17
Q

define paresthesia

A

an abnormal sensation, whether spontaneous or evoked

your patients will get a “pair of thesias” when you brush their nerve roots with your epidural catheter

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18
Q

somatic nociceptive pain is defined by four processes

A

transduction, transmission, perception, and modulation

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19
Q

define transduction

A

the TRANSFORMATION of a stimulus into an action potential

20
Q

define transmission

A

the PROCESS by which an action potential is conducted from the periphery to the CNS

21
Q

define perception

A

involves the signal being RECOGNIZED by various areas of the brain

22
Q

define modulation

A

ALTERATION of afferent activity, either SUPPRESS or ENHANCE

23
Q

Which two fibers are the primary afferents involved in transduction?

A

myelinated A-delta and non-myelinated C fibers

A/c

24
Q

How fast are myelinated A-delta fibers?

A

6-30 meters / second

Delta airplane fly between 6-30 meters per second

25
Q

how fast are non-myelinated C fibers?

A

1/2 - 2 meters per second

26
Q

Don’t forget that the __ neuron ascends several spinal segments before it synapses with the secondary neuron, which then crosses to the other side of the spinal cord and ascends to the thalamus

A

Primary

27
Q

The synapse between primary afferents and secondary neurons is primarily in Lamina of Rexed 1, 2, and __

A

5

28
Q

Wide dynamic range neurons receive input from both nociceptive (A-delta and C) AS WELL AS non-nociceptive (A-beta) neurons cause ___

A

central sensitization or chronic neuropathic pain.

29
Q

anterolateral pathway of the spinothalamic tract ascends to the __

A

lateral thalamus

30
Q

somatic nociceptive pain is defined by four processes

A

transduction, transmission, perception, and modulation

31
Q

define transduction

A

the TRANSFORMATION of a stimulus into an action potential

32
Q

define transmission

A

the PROCESS by which an action potential is conducted from the periphery to the CNS

33
Q

define perception

A

involves the signal being RECOGNIZED by various areas of the brain

34
Q

define modulation

A

ALTERATION of efferent activity, either SUPPRESS or ENHANCE

35
Q

Which two fibers are the primary afferents involved in transduction?

A

myelinated A-delta and non-myelinated C fibers

A/c

36
Q

How fast are myelinated A-delta fibers?

A

6-30 meters / second

Delta airplane fly between 6-30 meters per second

37
Q

how fast are non-myelinated C fibers?

A

1/2 - 2 meters per second

38
Q

Don’t forget that the __ neuron ascends several spinal segments before it crosses to the other side of the spinal cord and ascends to the thalamus

A

secondary

39
Q

The synapse between primary afferents and secondary neurons is primarily in Lamina of Rexed 1, 2, and __

A

5

40
Q

Wide dynamic range neurons receive input from both nociceptive (A-delta and C) AS WELL AS non-nociceptive (A-beta) neurons cause ___

A

central sensitization or chronic neuropathic pain.

41
Q

anterolateral pathway of the spinothalamic tract ascends to the __

A

lateral thalamus

42
Q

Modulation =

A

descending

43
Q

Pain modulation is enhanced in the presence of __

A

central sensitization

remember, modulation can be either suppression or enhancement, so sensitization plays right along with that.

44
Q

endogenous opioids such as endorphins, dynorphins, and enkephalins are ___

A

inhibitory

45
Q

what are the two excitatory neurotransmitters?

A

substance P and glutamate

46
Q

what is the special receptor for glutamate?

A

NMDA

where ketamine works

47
Q

what are the five inhibitory neurotransmitters?

A

glycine, GABA, enkephalin, serotonin, and norepinephrine

GGESN

Pain (4 decks)

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