Test #1 Flashcards
1
Q
Urgency
A
Feeling of need to void immediately. Full bladder, bladder irritation, or inflammation from infection, overactive bladder, psychological stress
2
Q
Dysuria
A
Painful or difficult urination. Bladder inflammation, trauma, or inflammation of urethral sphincter.
3
Q
Frequency
A
Voiding at frequent intervals (less than 2 hours). Increased fluid intake, bladder inflammation, increased pressure on bladder (pregnancy), diuretic therapy
4
Q
Hesitancy
A
Difficulty initiating urination. Prostate Enlargement, anxiety, urethral edema
5
Q
Polyuria
A
Voiding large amounts of urine. Excess fluid intake, diabetes mellitus or insipidus, use of diuretics, postobstructive diuresis
6
Q
Oliguria
A
Diminished urinary output relative to intake (usually 400 ml/24 hr). Dehydration, renal failure, UTI, Increased ADH secretion, heart failure
7
Q
Nocturia
A
Voiding one or more times at night. Excessive fluid intake before bed (especially coffee or alcohol), Renal disease, aging process, prostate enlargement.
8
Q
Dribbling
A
Leakage of urine despite voluntary control of urination. Stress incontinence, overflow from urinary retention (e.g. from BPH)
9
Q
Incontinence
A
Involuntary loss of urine. Multiple factors: unstable urethra, loss of pelvic muscle tone, fecal impaction, neurological impairment, overactive bladder
10
Q
Hematuria
A
Blood in urine. Neoplasms of kidney or bladder, glomerular disease, infection of kidney or bladder, trauma to urinary structures, calculi, bleeding disorders
11
Q
Retention
A
Accumulation of urine in bladder, with inability of bladder to empty fully. Urethral obstruction (stricture) decreased sensory activity, neurogenic bladder, prostate enlargement, postanesthesia effects, side effects of medications. (e.g., anticholinergics, opioids)
12
Q
Residual Urine
A
Volume of urine remaining after voiding (greater or equal to 100 mL). inflammation or irritation of bladder mucosa from infection, neurogenic bladder, prostate enlargement, trauama, or inflammation or urethra.
13
Q
ADH
A
Antidiuretic hormone
14
Q
BPH
A
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
15
Q
BSC
A
Bedside Commode
16
Q
FUNCTIONAL -Urinary Incontinence & Tx options
A
Loss of urine caused by factors outside the urinary tract that interfere with the ability to respond in a socially appropriate way to the urge to void. INTERVENTIONS: Clothing mods, Environ. Alterations, Scheduled toileting, Absorbent Products
17
Q
STRESS - Urinary Incontinence & Tx options
A
Involuntary leakage of urine during increased abdominal pressure in the absence of bladder muscle contraction. (coughing, laughing, sneezing, or lifting with a full bladder) INTERVENTIONS: Pelvice Floor Exercises (kegel) Surgical Interventions Biofeedback Electrical Stimulation Absorbent Products
18
Q
URGE - Urinary Incontinence & Tx options
A
Involuntary passage of urine after a strong sense of urgency to void. Urinary urgency, often with frequency (more than every 2 hours); bladder spasm or contraction. INTERVENTION: Antimuscarinic Agents Behavioral Interventions Biofeedback Bladder retraining Pelvic floor exercises Lifestyle modifications (smoking, cess, weight loss, fluid mods) Absorbent products
19
Q
MIXED -Urinary Incontinence & Tx options
A
Combination of urge and stress urinary incontinence signs and symptoms or Combination of urge and stress symptoms
INTERVENTION:
Main Treatments usually based on symptoms that are most bothersome to patient
20
Q
OVERFLOW INCONTINENCE -Urinary Incontinence & Tx options:
A
Involuntary loss of urine at intervals without sensation of urge to void
RELEVANT FACTORS:
Spinal Cord Dysfunction - loss of cerebral awareness or impairment of reflex arc
21
Q
List Roles of a Professional Nurse
A
Protect, Promote & Optimize our pt’s health
Prevent illness & injury
Alleviate suffering through the diagnosis & tx of Human Responses
Advocate for the care of our pts
22
Q
APRN
A
Advanced Practice RN, master’s degree
23
Q
DNP
A
Doctor of nursing practice, doctoral degree
24
Q
CNS
A
Certified Nursing Specialist, APRN in specialized area
25
NP
Nurse Practitioner; APRN in specialized area
26
CNM
Certified Nurse Midwife; provided care for pregnant women
27
CRNA
Certified RN anesthetist, APRN with specialization in anesthesia
28
Benner: Stages of nursing proficiency
```
Novice
Advanced Beginner
Competent
Proficient
Expert
```
29
Florence Nightingale
1st practicing epidemiologist;
1st Nursing school - helped sanitation in battlefield hospitals, her practices remain in nursing today.
Studied caring: a universal phenomenon that influences the way we think, feel & behave (reduced mortality from 45% to 2%)
30
Autonomy
Involves the initiation of independent nursing interventions w/o medical orders. Increased responsibility
31
Accountability
Means that you are responsible, professionally & legally, for the type and quality of nursing care provided. WE are accountable
32
Caregiver
Regain Health, find max level of independent function
33
Advocate
Protect human and legal rights of clients, help assert those rights when needed.
34
Educator
Informal and Formal teaching client, family, significant other, or support systems
35
Communicator (key)
Central to nurse-client relationship, helps you to know your pt's strengths, weaknesses, needs and fears
36
Manager
Collaborates with others to establish outcomes, evaluate care, evaluate staff nurses
37
What are the standards of nursing?
They provide guidelines for implementing and evaluating nursing care (ADPIE)
38
Preventative
Primary care, focused on improved outcomes for an entire population, collaboration among healthcare professionals, lowers overall cost: health promotion is the key to quality healthcare
39
Secondary/Tertiary
Acute care, focused on diagnosis & tx of dz, dz management, 20% of people spend 80% of healthcare costs
40
Restorative
Helps pts recover from acute or chronic illness/disability; regain maximal function and quality of life, promotes pt independence and self-care; multidisciplinary approach. Ex: homecare, rehabilitation, extended care
41
Continuing Care
For people who are disabled, functionally dependent, or suffering a terminal diz. Available w/in institutional settings or in the home.
Ex: nursing centers/facilities, hospice, assisted living (5% over 65 live here), adult day care
42
METABOLIC - Discuss Hazards of Immobility
Endocrine, calcium absorption, GI function
43
CV - Discuss Hazards of Immobility
Orthostatic hypotension, thrombus (blood clot)
44
MS EFFECTS -Discuss Hazards of Immobility
Loss of ms mass, atrophy
45
URINARY - Discuss Hazards of Immobility
Urinary stasis, renal calculi, UTI
46
RESPIRATORY -Discuss Hazards of Immobility
Atelectasis (fluid in lungs causing cracking, wet sounds) hypostatis pneumonia
47
MUSCULOSKELETAL -Discuss Hazards of Immobility
Loss of endurance, decreased stability
48
SKELETAL -Discuss Hazards of Immobility
Imparied calcium absorption, joint abnormalities
49
INTEGUMENTARY -Discuss Hazards of Immobility
Pressure ulcer, ischemia, older adults at greater risk
50
PSYCHOSOCIAL -Discuss Hazards of Immobility
Emotional/Behavioral response: Hostility, giddiness, fear, sensory: altered sleep patterns - changes in coping: depression, sadness
51
METABOLIC - Nursing Implementations of Immobility
Provide high-protein/calorie diet with Vitamin B & C Supplements
52
RESPIRATORY - Nursing Implementations of Immobility
Cough & deep breathe every 1-2 hours, chest PT
53
CV - Nursing Implementations of Immobility
Progress from bed to chair ambulation; SCD's (sequential compression device), TED hose, leg exercises
54
MUSCULOSKELETAL - Nursing Implementations of Immobility
PROM, CPM, AROM
55
INTEGUMENTARY - Nursing Implementations of Immobility
Reposition every 1-2 hours, provide skin care
56
ELIMINATION - Nursing Implementations of Immobility
Provide adequate hydration, serve diet rich in fluids, fruits, veggies and fiber.
57
Supported Fowler's
pt is supine with head of bed raised/flexed to 30-45 degrees
58
Supine
pt lies flat facing up
59
Prone
pt lies facing down
60
Sims'
Pt lies on left side with left arm and shoulder are drawn back behind the body, body weight is primarily on the chest, right arm is flexed upward for support
61
Trendelenberg
Pt lies flat with head of bed flexed down 45 degrees
62
National Pt Safety Goals (NPSGs)
1. Identify patients correctly
2. Improved staff communication
3. Use Medicines safely
4. Use Alarms Safely
5. Prevent infection
6. Identify patient safety risks
7. Prevent mistakes in surgery
8. A pt safe environment: reduces the risk for injury & illness, decreases costs, improving a pt's functional status, increasing a pt's sense of well-being
63
QSEN (Quality & Safety Education for Nurses)
- Was developed to meet the challenge of preparing future nurses who will have the knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary to continuously improve the quality and safety of the health care systems in which they work.
- minimizes risk of harm to patients and providers through system effectiveness and individual performance
64
Patient Safety Factors
```
Environmental
Basic Needs
Oxygen
Nutrition
Temp (65-75 deg)
Disasters
Pollution
Physical Hazards
MVAS
Poison
Falls
Fire
Transmission of pathogens
```
65
What is a serious reportable event?
Medication Error, Falls, IV infiltration - Fill out incident report
66
What is a never event?
Foreign object left in body after surgery, air embolism, blood compatibility, pressure ulcers stage 3 or 4, falls and trauma, electrical shock, UTI from catheters, DVT
67
Define Assessment
- Gather info about the pt's condition, needs, health problems and responses to problems.
- Critical thinking skills to help synthesize relevant info and use it in a purposeful way
- Data reveal related goals, experiences, health practices, values & expectations about the healthcare system
- Follow format used by facility or educational setting
68
Components of Assessment
Review Medical Records & Diagnostic tests
Perform a physical assessment
Obtain an accurate history (Pt is best source)
Gather Subjective and Objective data
Collaborate with entire health care team & client's significant other/family if appropriate.
69
What are the guidelines to writing an outcome/goal statement?
```
SMART
S-Specific
M-Measurable
A-Attainable
R-Realistic
T-Time Oriented
```
Pt centered, singular goal, outcome, measurable, mutual, observable, time-limited, realistic
70
ADL's
Activities of Daily Living (self care, brushing teeth, eating, bathing, walking)
71
IADL's
Instrumental activities of daily living (cooking, driving, shopping, managing meds)
72
What is a goal?
Expected behavior or response that indicates resolution of a nursing diagnosis or maintenance of a healthy state.
73
What is an expected outcome?
End result that is measurable, desirable, and observable and translates into observable patient behaviors (Nursing-Sensitve Outcome)
74
IV's
Can stay in for 96 hours (used to be 72)
| If you use Gauze on IV - change every 48 hours
75
PICC (peripherally Inserted Central Catheter)
Cannot put in or take out, cannot put meds in without permission, proximal to antecubital fossa
76
IVAD (implanted venous access device)
on chest under skin
Cancer & cystic fibrosis pts
If accessed change needled and dressing every 7 days
Nurse CAN do infusion and blood draws
CANNOT access unless specialized/certification
"Huber" needle to access (long term tx)
77
Subclavian Site
Use rather than jugular/femoral site in adult pts to minimize infection risk.
78
Purpose of initiating and maintaining of IV therapy?
Purpose: Easy Access for medication administration
79
Procedure for initiating and maintaining of IV therapy?
IVs can stay in for up to 96 hrs, label with RN name, date/time/ gauge used, start distally and move proximally, DO NOT start IVs in lower extremity, use transparent dressing at BJH, can use gauze if changed ever 48hours
80
Phlebitis
Inflammation of the vein associated with infusion phlebitis.
Careful/regular monitoring of intravenous access sites is recommended
81
Infiltration
Medication/fluids are not going into vein; going into surrounding tissues, regular monitoring of infusion sites, choice of correct access device/intravenous dressing and the use in-line pressure monitors. Tissue will be edematous, cool to touch, taut, shiny (stop the fluid/meds)
82
Infection
Adhering to aseptic technique is vital in the prevention of intravenous related infections. Asepis should be maintained at insertion, during clinical use and at removal of the device.
83
Extravasation
the inadvertent administration of a vesicant substance into the tissues can have disastrous outcome (vesicant: chemo drugs)
84
Bigger needle =
smaller number
85
Recommendations to prevent needle sticks?
Do not place hand/fingers above site trying to stick, use smallest needled possible, needles have protective devices on them, put in Sharps container (per OSHA)
- Hep B & C are commonly transmitted
- Report any contaminated needlesticks!
86
Describe the purpose of documentation in health care
To communicate pt information in an accurate, timely & effective manner - anything written or printed on which you rely as record or proof of pt actions and activities.
Can be used against you in court to provide proof of negligence (legal documentation), financial billing, education, research, auditing/monitoring
87
Explain guidelines related to confidentiality and penalties for breaches in confidentiality
HIPAA -Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act: Standards set to protect pt health info - all info remains confidential and protected.
-breaches in confidentiality can lead to disciplinary action from employers, dismissal from school/work and legal implications (lawsuit against you).
88
Bedside shift report
Wake pt up!
Need to check lvl of consciousness & helps pt feel like they are part of the team.
Use SBAR
89
SBAR
S-Situation
B-Background
A-Assessment
R-Recommendations
90
Things to document on Incident Report
Incident Report: fall occurs and hit head (know what to tell healthcare provide when you call)
IV infiltration, medication - DONT document this, just communicate to pt and other nurses/docs)
91
Describe normal characteristics of normal & abnormal urine.
- 1200-1500 ml urinated daily
- Bladder can hold 600-1000 ml
- Color: Pale-straw to amber color
- Clarity: clear (not cloudy)
- Steady Stream
92
How to Reduce a UTI
Take out foley if they don't need it
Encourage fluids
Cranberry Juice
93
Digital Removal of Stool
is a LAST resort
Do if enema doesn't work
Need Dr.'s' Orders
94
Common causes of Constipation
```
Age
Diet
Fluid Intake
Physical Activity
Psychological Factors
Personal Habits
Position
Pain
Pregnancy
Surgery/anesthesia
Medication/laxative
Diagnostic Tests
```
95
Achalasia
Sudden death on toilet/bedban while performing the Valsalva Maneuver.
96
Interventions that promote normal elimination
Promotion of normal defacation, privacy, proper placement of bedpan, sitting position, allw @ same time each day ( in morning or before after meal0
97
PPE (personal protective equipment)
CDC issued new guidelines in 2007 with 2 tiers:
1. Standard Precautions *Most Important*
2. Isolation Precautions
- Contact
- Droplet
- Airborne
- Protective environment
98
Def of Handwashing
The act of washing hands with soap and water, followed by rinsing under stream of water for 15 seconds
Friction of rubbing hands together gets rid of soil and microorganisms.
99
Def of Hand Hygiene
Includes using an instant alcohol hand antiseptic before and after providing patient care, washing hands with soap and water they are visibly soiled, and performing a surgical scrub
100
When to Hand Wash
When hands are visibly dirty
When soiled with blood or other bodily fluids
Before eating
After using the toilet
Wash hands with water and either a nonantimicrobial or antimicrobial soap
101
When to Hand Hygiene
Before, after and between direct pt contact
After contact with body fluids or excretions, mucous membranes, nonintact skin, or wound dressings
When moving from a contaminated to a clean body site
After contact w/ an inanimate object or surface in room
Before caring for pts w/ severe neutropenia or other sever immune suppression
Before putting on sterile gloves and b4 inserting urine cath, peripheral cath or other invasive devices
After removing gloves
102
MASLOW's Hierarchy of Needs
1. Physiological (oxygen, fluids, nutrients, body temp, elimination, shelter, sex)
2. Safety & Security (physical and psychological safety)
3. Love and belonging
4. Self Esteem
5. Self Actualization (motive to realize one's full potential)
103
PSROs
Professional Standard Review Organizations - review the quality/quantity/cost of hospital care provided to Medicare and medicaid pts.
104
URs
Utilization Review Committees - Review admissions, testing and txs provided by physicians caring for medicare patients
105
Patient Protection & Affordable Care Act
Gives access to health care for all
| -Reduced costs, improved quality, included provisions (FUCKING JOKE)
106
The 4 p's
Possession, Potty, Pain, Position of pt (check everytime walk in room/hourly rounding)
*make sure bed is in low and locked position when walking in and out of room
107
Fire Safety-RACE
```
RACE
R-Rescue/remove Pt
A-Alarm
C-Contain/confine
E-Extinguish/Evacuate
```
108
Fire Safety -PASS
```
PASS
P-Pull Pin
A-Aim
S-Squeeze
S-Sweep
```
109
Seizure Precautions
Do you have aura? What to do:
- Put on side if possible
- Prevent from hurting themselves (pad rails on bed)
- If in chair, put on ground or in bed
- Protect Head
- Document time & what happened
- Don't put anything in mouth (unless needs suction)
110
Restraints
Last Resort! Don't want to do this.
Need Dr.'s orders to put on and take off
Watch for skin breakdown
Need 2 fingers between restraints when putting on
4 Bedrails up in bed considered a restraint!
111
Assessment
Establish a database about the pt's perceive needs, health problems and responses to problems
112
Diagnosis
Interpret and analyze meaning of data
Data Clustering - group signs/symptoms, classify and organize
Look for defining characteristics and related factors,
Identify patient needs
Formulate nursing diagnoses and collaborative problems
113
Clinical Criterion
An objective or subjective sign, symptom, or risk factor that, when analyzed with other criteria, leads to a diagnostic conclusion
114
Dz is related to
Etiology as evidenced by signs/symptoms
115
Planning
Prioritizing nursing dx, outcomes, interventions based on evidence - Always partner with the pts when setting goals (they need to understand the value of nursing therapy)
116
Planning: Pt-Centered Goal
A specific and measurable behavior or response that reflects a patient's highest possible level of wellness and independence function
117
Planning: Short Term Goal
An objective behavior or response expected within the hours to a week
118
Planning: Long Term goal
An objective behavior or response expected w/in days, weeks or months.
119
Goal guidelines
Pt-centered, singular goal/outcome, measurable, mutual, observable, time-limited, realistic
120
Implementation
Review the set of all possible nursing interventions, review all possible consequences associated w each possible nursing action. Determine the probability of all possible consequences, make a judgement of the value of that consequence to the patient
121
Implementation Skills
Cognitive, Interpersonal, Psychomotor
122
Direct Care is
Tx performed through interactions with pts (med admin, IV insert, counseling, assistance ADLs)
123
Indirect Care is
Tx performed away from the patient, but on behalf of the patient or group of patient
124
Evaluation
Ongoing process, if outcomes are met, patient goals are met. positive evaluations occur when nurse meets desired outcomes. Interventions were successful.
125
Criterion-based standards for eval
Physiological, emotional and behavioral responses that are a patient's goals and expected outcomes.
_when a goal not met, no matter the reasons, start the entire nursing process over!
126
Discontinuing a care plan
Has the goal been met? Does the pt agree? Document the discontinued plan
127
Alteplase
A drug used to dissolve clot at the end of PICC (can tell there's a clot because meds are difficult to put in).
128
CVC
Central Venous Catheters -care MUST be performed by competent nurses.
CVC care is Aseptic/sterile technique
129
Risk Factors
Def: variables that increase the vulnerability of an individual or group to an illness or accident
-genetic and physiological factors, age, environment, lifestyle
Most Vulnerable: homeless, children, elderly, economically disadvantaged
130
Levels of Prevention: Primary
true prevention that lowers the chances that diz will develop (immunizations, pap smears)
131
Levels of Prevention: Secondary
Focuses on those who have a disease or are at risk to develop a disease (screening, minimize symptoms)
132
Levels of Prevention: Tertiary
Occurs when a defect or disability is permanent or irreversible (paralysis)
133
Stages of Health Behavior change
Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance
134
Culturally Competent care
Know one's own beliefs/ethics is first step when dealing with other cultures
135
Pt Education
TJC sets standards for pt and family education
All state nurse practice acts recognize that patient teaching falls under the scope of nursing
Includes: motivation to learn, ability to learn and environment,
Integrate nursing process & teaching process
Teach and work at the same time if possible
136
Physiological changes in middle to older adult
- Perception of well-being defines quality of life
- Older pt's concepts of health revolves around how they perceive their ability to function
- Nurses need to be cognizant of normal age-related changes
- Not all physiological changes are pathological
137
Care of Family
-Nursing management of older adults with any form of dementia always consider the safety, physical and psychosocial needs of the older adult and the family
138
Interactions with the elderly population
sit/stand at eye level in full view of pt
Face the older adult while speaking, speak clearly
Provide diffuse, bright, nonglare lighting
Encourage the older adult to use his/her familiar assistive devices (glass,magnifying glass)
139
EMAR
Electronic medication administration record
140
Pyxis System
Documents medication supply/removal, patient safety
141
Manifestations & Prevention of UTI
80% of nosocomial (HAI) are UTIs, everyday pt has Foley bact increases by 5%
Manifestations: cystitis (frequency, urgency, burning, suprapubic pain, hematuria)
Prevention: take out foley if not needed, encourage fluids, cranberry juice (decreases pH - discourages bacteria growth)
142
Assessment of UTI
Gather history of pt's urnation pattern, symptoms, factors affecting urination.
Conduct physical assessment of systems potentially affected by urinary changes; patients perception of urinary problems
Assess urine characteristics and gather lab results
143
UTI: Retention
accumulation of urine due to inability to empty the bladder
-Influenced by urethral obstruction, decreased sensory activity, prostate enlargement, postanesthesia effects, medication side effects
144
UTI: Frequency
Voiding at frequent intervals (less than 2 hours apart)
| -Influenced by fluid intake, bladder inflammation, bladder pressure
145
UTI: Dysuria
Painful or difficult urination
| -Influenced by bladder inflammation, trauma or inflammation or urethral sphincter
146
Palpating bladder
- Palpate between the hip bones and below the umbilicus
| - If distended, palpation could cause pain to the patient
147
Diagnostics Urinary
UA- Urinalysis and C&S (culture and sensitivity)
| For Urination: is the pt on fluid restriction? Difficulty voiding? Is further assistance needed? (stoma?)
148
Diagnostics Bowels
```
radiologic imaging (with or w/o contrast)
Endoscopy
Ultrasound
CT Scanning or MRI
Fecal occult blood testing
```
149
Promoting bowel elimination
Identify pt's perception of normal
encourage fluids
make pt comfortable, get to toilet if possible
diet, exercise
150
Factors affecting GI function
```
immobility
fluid intake
personal habits
pregnancy
diagnostic test
age
physical act
position
surgery
diet
psychological factors
pain
medication/laxatives
```
151
Fecal incontinence
Def: inability to control passage of fecal matter and gas to the anus
152
Pt constipated
laxatives
stool softeners
doctor might order enema b4 digital removal
153
C. Difficle
A common cause of diarrhea, incontrollable, stinky, loose, watery stool
- Risk for dehydration, be cautious of skin integrity
- Contact isolation required - very contagious
154
Ilioconduit Urostomy; stoma
Red/pink on skin
Stay 5-7 Days (empty bag when 1/2 full)
Can maintain normal life (swimming)
155
Care of ostomies
```
Irrigating a colostomy
Pouching ostomies
Nutritional Considerations
Consume low fiber for the first weeks
Eat slowly and chew food completely
Drink 10-12 glasses of water daily
Patient may choose to avoid gassy foods
```
156
What are the results of an effective pouching system?
protects skin, contains fecal material, remains odor free, and is comfortable and inconspicuous
157
Jean Waterson (nurse theorist)
- Holistic model, Conscious Intention, Integrates Caring w/ Healing environments, Allows nurses to raise new questions defining
- It's not Disease oriented
- It's inner healing (Protect, Enhance, Preserve Dignity)
158
Madeline Leininger (Transcultural Nursing)
-Focused on comparative cultural care values, beliefs and practices of individual or groups of similiar or different cultures
-Developed in 1950
-Nursing is a learned profession w/ a disciplined focused care phenomena
-Care is to assist others with real or anticipated needs in an effort
-Developed theory from personal experiences at a child guidance home.
Applied by: Eye Contact, Persona Space, etc.
159
Virginia Henderson
Compared to Florence Nightengale
Goal assisting the pt in gaining independence as quickly as possible
Primary Roles of Nurse: Substitutive, Supplementary, complementary, Create Relationship
14 Basic Needs
Nurse care for the pt until they can care for themselves
Major Concepts: Individual, Environment, Health & Nursing
160
Dorothea Orem
To help the pt perform self-care and manage health problems
| Self Care, Self Car Deficit, Nursing System
161
Benner & Wrubel's Theory
Relationship Centered
Caring creates possibilities for coping and connecting w/ and concerns
Novice, Advanced Beginner, Competent, Proficient, Expert
162
Swanson's Theory
Nursing way of relating to a valued other whom one feels a personal sense of commitment
5 categories of Caring: Knowing, Being With, Doing For, Enabling, Maintaining Belief
163
Censa Sheet
All pts on that floor
164
BUN & Creatinine
Renal Function
165
Potassium Level
Elevated or low potassium can affect heart
166
Telemetry
Heart monitor
167
Shunt
Renal Dialysis get shunt put in arm sometimes. Renal Pts will commonly by itchy (benedryl lotions will help with itch).
