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Pain(scape) > Test 1 & 2 Definitions > Flashcards

Test 1 & 2 Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

A _________ is a high threshold sensory receptor of the peripheral somatosensory nervous system that is capable of transducing and encoding noxious stimuli

A

nociceptor

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2
Q

A ________ ________ is a central or peripheral neuron of the somatosensory nervous system that is capable of encoding noxious stimuli

A

nociceptive neuron

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3
Q

the labeling of _______ as pain fibers is not an admirable simplification but an unfortunate trivialization

A

nociceptors

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4
Q

clinical descriptors are not types of pain but rather _______ of somatic mechanisms

A

hypotheses

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5
Q

mechanical receptors that detect, transduce and encode tissue damage may also become responsive to ________

A

inflammation

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6
Q

_________ is an awareness of the elements of the environment through physical sensation

A

perception

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7
Q

nociception is the neural process of _______ stimuli

A

encoding

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8
Q

________ is a physical feeling from contact with the body

A

sensation

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9
Q

there are major _______ in the knowledge of healthcare professionals regarding the mechanisms and management of pain

A

deficits

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10
Q

C-fibres are capable of detecting noxious and non-noxious ________, thermal and chemical stimuli including hair follicles

A

mechanical

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11
Q

the ________ descriptor does not apply to patients reporting pain without hypersensitivity

A

nociplastic

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12
Q

clinically, sensitization may only be inferred indirectly from phenomena such as _________or allodynia

A

hyperalgesia

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13
Q

a ________ descriptor for an illness such as fibromyalgia should not be conflated with the hypothesized mechanisms of pain that may be present with these conditions

A

diagnostic

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14
Q

_________ is the increased responsiveness of nociceptive neurons to their normals input and or recruitment of a response to normally subthreshold inputs

A

sensitization

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15
Q

A- Delta fibers are stimulated by high intensity mechanical stimuli and _________ heat or cold

A

noxious

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16
Q

allodynia is pain due to a ________ that does not normally provoke pain

A

stimulus

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17
Q

_______ is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with or resembling that associated with actual or potential tissue damage

A

pain

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18
Q

nociceptive pain results in pain that arises due to actual or potential/ threatened tissue damage to ____ ______ tissue and is due to activation of nociceptors

A

non-neural

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19
Q

_________ pain is defined as pain that arises from altered nociception despite no clear evidence of actual or threatened tissue damage or evidence for a neuropathic lesion or disease

A

nociplastic

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20
Q

___________ pain is due to pain caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system

A

neuropathic

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21
Q

_________ is aka a pinched nerve. Symptoms occur when a nerve is compressed/irritated

A

radiculopathy

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22
Q

cell damage neurochemicals initiate an ________ and immune response

A

inflammatory

23
Q

____________ hyperalgesia is associated with changes in the excitability of neurons in the CNS including the spinal cord and supra-spinal sites

A

secondary

24
Q

when A-Beta neurons are not specialized, they can act as free nerve endings and respond to mechanical stimuli, including ________ stimuli

A

noxious

25
Q

A _______ stimulus is damaging or threatens damage to non neural tissue

A

noxious

26
Q

__________ peripherally and centrally located, features a description of the BBB and has a role in the transition to and maintenance of chronic pain

A

neuroinflammation

27
Q

studies over the past decade demonstrate the ubiquitous presence of __________ autoantibodies in the serum of patients with “unexplained” pain conditions

A

pronociceptive

28
Q

low-grade inflammation occurs when changes in the optical ________ environment lead to stressed cells

A

innate

29
Q

there are no ______ biomarkers for chronic pain

A

reliable

30
Q

limited association exists between the nature of any ________ lesions such as degenerative bone changes

A

structural

31
Q

diverse forms of injury to the ___ result in substantial activation of immune cells

A

PNS

32
Q

the boundaries created between various organ systems and categories of functional activity are an attempt to impose conceptual order on biological phenomenon. There is no ________ reason why nature should respect these boundaries

A

A-priori

33
Q

assumptions about causes of chronic pain have not been borne out. Persuasive brain mechanisms responsible for the transition of distress experiences into pain __________ have not been identified

A

perception

34
Q

a current known mode of nociception involves autoimmunity _______________

A

autoantibodies

35
Q

identifying the critical ________ alternations in pain-related neuroimmune communications will enable understanding of pain pathogenesis and the development of effective analgesic medications

A

maladaptive

36
Q

mediators of infections, tissue injury, low grade inflammatory diseases include the molecules of the _________ immune response

A

innate

37
Q

current known modes of nociception involved cell-cell _______ _______ with peripheral and central effects

A

cross-talk

38
Q

chronic pain is highly ________ with chronic stress

A

comorbid

39
Q

_____________ and ___________ factors are consistently associated with chronic pain but it is bidirectional

A

psychological and social

40
Q

a _______ definition of inflammation is the innate immune response to harmful stimuli such as pathogens, injury and metabolic stress

A

diverse

41
Q

a current known mode of nociception involved stress responses via _________ with peripheral and central effects

A

hormones

42
Q

in low-grade inflammation, the classic signs of inflammation are not found and CRP levels are _________ elevated compared with those accompanying acute inflammation post injury or infection

A

minimally

43
Q

active immune cells ________ modulate nociceptor activities and pain sensation

A

bidirectionally

44
Q

a current textbook defines inflammation in terms of its _________ and limited view of its function

A

stimulus

45
Q

chronic pain conditions typically come without systemically elevated ___________ markers and most patients test negative in standard autoantibody assays

A

inflammatory

46
Q

exosomes are small ___________ vesicles that are emerging as another type of secreted factor of importance in communication between various cells i.e neurons, glial cells, etc

A

extracellular

47
Q

a current known mode of nociception involves ________ activation by noxious stimuli

A

peripheral

48
Q

___________ inflammation is located in the peripheral tissues, especially the skin and is thought to have a role in conditions like migraines and complex regional pain syndrome

A

neurogenic

49
Q

small extracellular vesicles (30-150nm) known as exosomes are a known mechanism of cell to cell communication in the nervous system and regulate mechanisms of ____________

A

nociception

50
Q

what are the two main theories the gate control theory tried to bridge?

A

pattern and specificity

51
Q

T/F the declaration of Montreal adopted by the IASP in 2010 is a binding document upheld by law

A

true

52
Q

T/F pronociceptive information from muscle spindle and Golgi tendon organs travel via A-alpha neurons

A

true

53
Q

T/F nociception is increased responsiveness of sensory neurons

A

false

Pain(scape) (2 decks)

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