Test 1 #2 Flashcards
_____ is just a cell and is the basic functional unit of the nervous system
Neuron
Types of neurons (3)
pseudounipolarbipolarmultipolar
_____ is the most typical type of neuron
Multipolar
______ neuron is usually associated with sensory
Bipolar
Bipolar examples (3)
retinalcochlearvestibular
____ are actually modified bipolar cells
Pseudounipolar
Pseudounipolar examples (2)
DRGtrigeminal ganglio
Afferent means _____, efferent means _____, _____ is the most common
towards, away, interneuron
Function of a neuron can be (3)
excitatoryinhibitorytransmittors
Original view of nervous system was that is was similar to the _____ system
circulatory
____ created the neuron doctrine in the 1900’s, but wasn’t proven until the 1960’s. He is also considered the father of neuroanatomy
Ramone Kahal
The most well known proponent of the reticular doctrine was ______
Camillo Golgi
Makes a nerve cell special (2)
carries signal over distancesgoes though 2 main fibers (dendrite, axon)
_____ transport is down the axon, _____ is back up the axon
Anterograde, retrograde
____ are how neurons communicate with one another
synapses
____ is the most common synapse, second most common is _____
Axodendritic, axosomatic
_____ axon to cell body_____ cell body to cell body_____ axon to axon_____ dendrite to dendrite
axosomaticsomatosomaticaxoaxonicdendrodendritic
Electrical transmission is by _____ transmission via gap junctions
somatosomatic
____ transmission is the most common
Chemical
The chemical transmission is packaged in vesicles made of
phospholipid
The ____ is NOT the only cell in the nervous system
neuron
____ is nerve glue of supporting cells
Neuroglia
Myelinated fibers: Schwann cell is found in the _____, Oligodendrocytes are found in the _____
PNS, CNS
In the PNS the gaps betweeen Schwann cells is called the _____
Node of Ranvier
____ myelinate only one fiber, while _____ myelinate several
Schwann cells, Oligodendrocytes
_____ act as the immune system of the nervous system and are phagocytotic in nature
____ myelinate only one fiber, while _____ myelinate several
____ are the endothelial cells of the nervous system and are the most numerous
Astrocytes
Roles of astrocytes (2)
role in the blood brain barrierrole in how neuron metabolizes
Ependymal cells are _____ cells and multiply _____
epithelial, slowly
Ependymal cells are epithelial cells, but more precisely they are ______ cells and line the _____
pseudostratified ciliated, ventricles
Ependymal cells make CSF and are considered possible _____
stem cells
_____ cells act like an octopus
Oiigodendrocytes
If there is a myelination defect in oligodendrocytes, it could cause ____
MS
____ is the beginning of the nervous system development. It isn’t the first system to develop, the _____ develops first
Neurulation, circulatory
The notochord develops during the ____ week
3rd(maybe 4th)
During neurulation, _____ occurs and the cells of the ectoderm migrate _____
induction, medially
____ provides the axial skeleton before the real axial skeleton develops
Notochord
Layers of the notochord (3)
ectodermmesodermendoderm
Ectoderm, the top layer develops (4)
skin, hair, nervous system, brain
Mesoderm develops (3)
muscleboneconnective tissue
Endoderm develops (3)
lining associated with:respiratory systemvascular systemdigestive system
Notochord signals the ectoderm to migrate medially which forms the _____
neural plate
The neural plate sinks to form the _____.
neural groove
The ridge is called the _____,
neural fold
The peak of the neural fold is _____
neural crest
Neural fold comes together to form the _____
neural tube
Neural tube forms the _____, neural crest forms the _____
CNS, PNS
Front of the neural tube expands to form the _____
proencephalon
The second expansion of the neural tube forms the _____ . In between the two expansion the ______ forms. The rest forms the _____
rhombencephalon, mesencephalon, spinal cord
If the caudal neuropores do not form, ____ results, if the cranial neuropores don’t form, _____ results
spina bifida, anencephaly
In the 5th week, the _____ expands laterally and quickly
prosencephalon
Prosencephalon forms the (2)
telencephalondiencephalon
TelencephalonOuter layer ____deep to the outer layer _____embedded in the layer that is deep to outer layer _____
cortexwhite mattersubcortical nuclei (corpus striatum)
Part of prosencephalon that does not expand as quickly forms ______
diencephalon
Diencephalon forms _____
every thalamus name
In the mesencephalon, the structure anteriorly is the _____ and the structure dorsally is the _____
cerebral peduncle, tectum
The tectum has 4 little bumps called _____
colliculi
Rhombencephalon expands anteriorly forming the _____ and posteriorly to form the ______
pons , cerebellum
